Maternal nutrition is very important for the health of both mothers and infants, especially during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, when the body needs more nutrients. In India, especially in Rajasthan, most mothers eat a diet characterized by limited dietary diversity and a heavy reliance on grains such as wheat, maize, and millet. The study looks at what food pregnant and lactating mothers in Rajasthan are eating and whether their diets meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for nutrients set by the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition. The cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted in three regions of Rajasthan: tribal and agrarian regions, desert and arid regions, and hilly tribal regions. It includes 360 women, divided into groups of pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant, non-lactating, selected through random sampling. The research examined what they ate to determine which foods were the main sources of energy, protein, fat, and other important nutrients. The results show that women rely heavily on cereals for energy and several nutrients, with dairy products as the main source of calcium and vitamin A. Fruits and vegetables contribute only a small amount of micronutrients, indicating that the diets are not very diverse. Compared with the recommended nutrient levels set by NIN, there is a significant gap in energy, protein, and especially fat intake. These findings highlight the need for improved nutrition programs and more diversified dietary strategies to enhance maternal nutrition in Rajasthan