This study examines the impact of climate variability on industrial productivity and resilience within textile mills in Ahmedabad, India, a major textile hub highly vulnerable to heat stress and environmental fluctuations. The research integrates perspectives from climate–labour productivity, industrial resilience, and sustainable manufacturing to analyse how climatic factors such as temperature variations, humidity, rainfall, and extreme weather events influence operational efficiency, labour productivity, downtime, and machine performance. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was adopted using survey data collected from 100 workers across 10–15 textile mills. The findings reveal that extreme climatic conditions and temperature variability significantly reduce productivity, primarily through increased equipment failure and operational disruptions. Regression analysis confirms that climate variables explain a substantial proportion of productivity variation. Furthermore, resilience strategies—particularly those focused on reducing downtime and improving adaptive capacity—demonstrate a strong positive impact on mitigating productivity losses. However, specific measures such as cooling systems and infrastructure improvements show varying levels of perceived effectiveness. The study highlights the need to integrate climate adaptation into industrial productivity planning and provides practical insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance resilience in climate-sensitive textile clusters