Global supply chains have faced unprecedented disruptions in recent years as a result of pandemic-driven shutdowns, geopolitical conflicts, maritime chokepoints, and logistics bottlenecks. These events have exposed structural fragilities in traditional lean, efficiency-focused supply networks and accelerated the global shift toward Industry 5.0—an era defined by human-centric innovation, digital intelligence, and sustainability-aligned production ecosystems. This study examines the resilience and sustainability of supply chains in the context of Industry 5.0, with a particular focus on the Australian supply-chain landscape. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates survey-based quantitative data from 100 Australian supply-chain professionals with qualitative case-study insights drawn from major global disruptions including COVID-19, the Suez Canal blockage, the Russia–Ukraine conflict, and the Red Sea crisis. Quantitative findings indicate moderate levels of resilience, sustainability adoption, and digital technology implementation, yet no statistically significant relationship between these factors—suggesting that current organisational practices remain largely conceptual rather than embedded. Case-study analysis, however, reinforces the critical value of redundancy, predictive visibility, diversified sourcing strategies, and circular value loops in preventing systemic collapse during crises. Synthesising these strands, the paper proposes an Industry-5.0-aligned integrated framework built on four pillars—digital intelligence, diversification, sustainability, and human-centric collaboration—enabled by national policy. The study concludes that Australia remains at an early stage in operationalising Industry 5.0 and must transition from reactive crisis management toward proactive resilience building through policy reform, technological investment, and strategic collaboration. The research contributes to both scholarly and practical discourse by offering an empirically grounded roadmap for strengthening Australia’s supply-chain resilience in the emerging industrial era.