Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, policies, and processes through which companies are directed and controlled, shaping the relationships among stakeholders such as shareholders, management, employees, customers, suppliers, regulators, and the broader community. Its central purpose is to ensure ethical, transparent, and responsible operations that protect stakeholder interests. In India’s evolving corporate landscape, governance has become closely intertwined with both social and environmental performance. Strong governance practices—particularly board independence, transparent decision-making, and active stakeholder engagement—play a critical role in strengthening Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and shaping a company’s social and environmental impact. Board dynamics and interlocking directorships further influence corporate behaviour, driving or constraining responsible practices. This study interprets how governance structures affect social and environmental performance in Indian firms (top 30 listed), offering insights that can help corporate leaders and policymakers enhance ESG strategies and promote long-term sustainable impact..
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