This study analyses the impact of agricultural marketing and CO₂ emissions on agricultural productivity in India using time-series data. Employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach, the study examines long-run relationships while controlling for fertilizer consumption, irrigation, and economic growth. The results indicate that CO₂ emissions have a significant negative effect on agricultural productivity, reflecting the adverse influence of climate-related environmental stress. Fertilizer consumption shows a weakly negative relationship, suggesting diminishing returns from inefficient input use. In contrast, agricultural marketing development and irrigation positively and significantly enhance productivity, while economic growth also contributes favourably. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening agricultural marketing systems, promoting climate-resilient practices, encouraging balanced input use, and expanding sustainable irrigation to achieve long-term productivity growth in Indian agriculture.
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