Climate change has emerged as one of the most pervasive drivers of global environmental change, exerting profound effects on biodiversity, species distribution, and the long-term survival of wildlife populations. Rising atmospheric and oceanic temperatures, shifting precipitation regimes, rising sea levels, and an increased frequency of extreme climatic events are altering the structure and function of ecosystems across every biome on Earth. These changes manifest through both direct pathways, such as heat stress, physiological impairment, and altered phenology, and indirect pathways, including habitat loss, food-web disruption, the emergence of infectious diseases, and the proliferation of invasive species. As a consequence, numerous taxa are undergoing measurable shifts in their geographic ranges, often moving poleward or to higher elevations in search of suitable climatic conditions, while species with limited dispersal ability or narrow ecological tolerances face heightened extinction risk. This review synthesizes current scientific understanding of the mechanisms through which climate change affects wildlife biodiversity, distribution, and survival, drawing on evidence from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. It further examines adaptive responses exhibited by wildlife, including behavioural plasticity, morphological adaptation, and range shifts, and discusses mitigation and conservation strategies such as protected area expansion, ecological restoration, assisted migration, and climate-resilient management planning. The review concludes that while some species demonstrate a capacity to adapt to changing climatic conditions, the pace of contemporary climate change frequently outstrips the adaptive capacity of many organisms, underscoring the urgent need for coordinated global action, robust monitoring frameworks, and science-based conservation policy to safeguard wildlife biodiversity for future generations.