The adoption of predictive analytics and decision support systems (DSS) in governance has transformed public and organisational decision-making processes by enabling data-driven risk assessment, resource allocation, and policy evaluation. In India, these systems are increasingly deployed in areas such as skill development, employment planning, welfare distribution, and public service delivery. While predictive DSS offer efficiency and evidence-based outcomes, their autonomous or semi-automated operation raises significant legal and regulatory challenges, particularly in relation to transparency, accountability, algorithmic bias, and procedural fairness. Existing Indian legal frameworks, including the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and the Information Technology Act, 2000, were largely designed for human-led decision-making and provide limited guidance for automated systems with significant societal impact. This paper critically examines the regulatory and legal gaps associated with predictive analytics in Indian governance. Employing a doctrinal research methodology supplemented by comparative legal analysis, the study analyses constitutional principles of equality and due process alongside Indian data protection and administrative law provisions. The Indian framework is evaluated in light of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and the risk-based classification of high-impact AI systems under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act. The comparative analysis highlights deficiencies in accountability, transparency, and oversight mechanisms in India, while underscoring global best practices that could inform normative reforms. The study further argues that predictive DSS challenge traditional administrative law doctrines by diffusing responsibility across public authorities, private vendors, and automated systems, creating potential gaps in legal liability and procedural legitimacy. The paper concludes by proposing targeted policy and regulatory reforms, including legally mandated transparency, algorithmic explainability, and robust oversight mechanisms, aimed at aligning India’s governance of predictive analytics with international standards while safeguarding domestic constitutional principles.