In the context of public sector governance reform and increased financial autonomy in Vietnam, financial governance plays a crucial role in ensuring the operational efficiency and sustainability of training institutions. Based on a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and international empirical evidence on public sector financial governance, this study analyzes the impact of financial governance factors on the financial performance of training institutions in Ho Chi Minh City. The research results show that all financial governance factors considered, including strategic financial planning, results-based budget allocation, level of financial autonomy, internal control systems and financial transparency, as well as the financial governance capacity of the management staff, have a positive and statistically significant impact on the financial performance of training institutions. Among these, financial governance capacity is identified as the factor with the strongest impact. Based on the research findings, this article proposes implications for strengthening financial management, contributing to improved efficiency in the use of public resources and the quality of staff training in the context of current administrative reforms..