This study examines the impact of green innovation and green trade barriers on the export performance of Vietnamese enterprises in the context of international trade increasingly emphasizing sustainability. The empirical findings indicate that green innovation exerts a positive influence by enhancing competitiveness, optimizing production processes, and facilitating access to international markets with stringent environmental standards. In contrast, green trade barriers demonstrate a negative effect on export performance by increasing compliance costs and limiting participation in global supply chains. However, when firms proactively implement green innovation practices, these adverse impacts are substantially mitigated and may even be transformed into competitive advantages. The results highlight the central role of green innovation as a long-term strategy that enables Vietnamese exporters not only to overcome challenges posed by green trade barriers but also to seize opportunities for sustainable growth in the global trading environment.