This paper examines and evaluates the impact of various factors on the financial performance of textile and garment enterprises listed on the Vietnamese Stock Market during the period 2013 - 2024. The research findings indicate that the financial performance of textile and garment firms is simultaneously influenced by both internal factors and the macroeconomic environment, in which capital structure characteristics, liquidity, growth rate, and firm age play significant roles. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations aimed at improving the financial performance of Vietnamese textile and garment enterprises, thereby supporting more sustainable development of the industry.