In Burkina Faso, malaria causes the death of several individuals, mostly children aged 0 to 5 years. Vaccination is one of the most effective means to fight malaria. Communication based on nudges and fear-based communication are used to raise awareness among individuals to get vaccinated. However, the literature on the use of these two communication registers has quite divergent results. The objective of this research is to study the influence of communication based on nudges and fear on the attitude and behavior of Burkinabe mothers to vaccinate their children. We used a qualitative methodology through a sample of 20 mothers for data collection. The results indicate that both forms of communication favorably influence the attitude and behavior of Burkinabe mothers towards the infant malaria vaccine. Communication based on fear is more effective compared to communication based on nudges. We recommend that health ministries communicate more by using fear and nudges to get mothers to agree to vaccinate their children