Ancient Indian education, shaped by the Gurukul and Buddhist–Vedic traditions, represents one of the world’s oldest and most sophisticated learning systems. Rooted in the pursuit of self-realisation, moral integrity, and social harmony, it emphasized holistic living, close teacher–student relationships, experiential learning, and the integration of physical, intellectual, and spiritual development. The Gurukul model nurtured discipline, ethical conduct, and community life, while Buddhist monastic universities such as Nalanda and Takshashila pioneered inquiry-based learning, global knowledge exchange, and multidisciplinary scholarship.

In the contemporary era of globalisation, technological advancement, and rapidly changing skill demands, these ancient principles hold renewed relevance. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 echoes several aspects of traditional Indian pedagogy, including holistic development, competency-based learning, mother-tongue instruction, and value-based education. As digital learning environments expand, the timeless ideals of personalised mentorship, mindfulness, and experiential practice offer essential balance and human-centred perspective.

Blending ancient Indian wisdom with modern pedagogical innovations has the potential to create education systems that are not only academically robust but also ethically grounded, globally competent, and deeply aligned with the needs of the 21st-century learner..