This study examines the impact of economic structural transformation on sustainable growth in Hanoi, an emerging economy undergoing a significant shift from traditional sectors to the modern service sector. The results show that the increase in the service sector's share, along with attracting foreign direct investment and improving innovation capacity, has a statistically significant positive impact on economic and social growth, and maintains a stable long-term co-integration relationship. However, the environmental impact is differentiated, with service-based industries contributing to reduced environmental pressure, while increased industrialization and urbanization could degrade air quality if appropriate control policies are lacking. The study confirms that structural transformation towards service-oriented development, coupled with innovation and sustainable urban governance, is a key direction for Hanoi to achieve green and inclusive growth in the future