During the rapid urbanization of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), suburban communes are facing significant pressure regarding land-use conversion, production restructuring, and ensuring livelihoods for rural residents. Seven communes in the northwest of HCMC (including Cu Chi, Tan An Hoi, Thai My, An Nhon Tay, Nhuan Duc, Phu Hoa Dong, and Binh My), formerly part of Cu Chi district (hereinafter referred to as the northwestern communes of HCMC), possess the largest agricultural land area in the city and play a crucial role in the strategy for developing urban agriculture, high-tech agriculture, and sustainable agriculture. Research into agricultural economic development in these communes is of significant theoretical and practical importance in the current context. Compared with domestic studies, the results of this paper add empirical evidence at the commune level, clarifying the impact of urbanization on agricultural economics in a specific area of Ho Chi Minh City. This contributes to completing the overall picture of urban agriculture in Vietnam. The research results show that the development of agricultural economics in the northwestern communes of Ho Chi Minh City needs to be considered in the overall context of urbanization and restructuring of the city's agricultural sector. Based on this, the paper proposes several directions and solutions to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and adaptability of local agricultural economics in the coming period.