In the context of university autonomy and increasing competition within the Vietnamese higher education system, organizational structure is considered a fundamental governance framework that directly impacts operational efficiency and training quality. This study analyzes the impact of organizational structure components on the quality of university education in Hanoi. The analysis reveals that organizational structure components, including decentralization, formalization, internal coordination, and decision-making flexibility, all have a positive impact on training quality. Internal coordination and flexibility have the strongest influence. Furthermore, coordination plays a mediating role in the relationship between decentralization, flexibility, and training quality. The study affirms that designing an organizational structure that enhances coordination, flexibility, and appropriate decentralization is crucial for improving the quality of university education in the context of governance reform and digital transformation. The research findings provide valuable empirical evidence and managerial implications for higher education institutions in Vietnam