Sustainability in road asset management (RAM) has emerged as a critical area of focus within infrastructure governance due to growing environmental concerns, economic constraints, and the need for socially inclusive development. This systematic review explores the integration of sustainability principles into RAM practices across diverse geographic and institutional contexts. By synthesizing evidence from 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024, the review categorizes findings into four thematic areas: sustainability principles, documented benefits, implementation challenges, and technological innovations. The findings reveal that life cycle assessments, use of recycled materials, and triple bottom line frameworks are increasingly used to enhance the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of road infrastructure management. Notably, the review highlights significant benefits such as cost-efficiency, improved asset longevity, and reduced environmental impact. However, challenges persist, including high initial costs, lack of standardized sustainability indicators, institutional resistance, and limited technical capacity especially in developing countries. The review also identifies emerging tools such as smart sensors, BIM-GIS integration, and digital monitoring platforms as transformative innovations supporting sustainability integration. By aligning study outcomes with existing literature, this review confirms the relevance of life cycle thinking and triple bottom line theory in driving sustainable infrastructure practices. It contributes to the growing discourse on sustainable transportation systems by offering practical insights for policymakers, engineers, and planners. Ultimately, the study underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms, technological adoption, and policy alignment to achieve sustainable and resilient road infrastructure networks worldwide.