This study examines the implementation of green logistics practices at the V.O. Chidambaranar Port in Thoothukudi District and evaluates their impact on port sustainability. With increasing environmental concerns and regulatory pressure, ports are adopting eco-friendly logistics strategies to reduce emissions, optimize energy use, and enhance operational performance. A structured questionnaire was administered to 199 stakeholders involved in port operations, logistics firms, freight forwarders, and transportation providers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, correlation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that green practices such as energy-efficient equipment, waste management systems, and digital tracking tools are positively associated with environmental and operational sustainability. Significant differences in perceptions were observed between respondent groups, and SEM results confirm a strong positive impact of green logistics practices on port sustainability outcomes. Recommendations for policy and practice are discussed