This study investigates the effects of supply chain management practices on the perceived operational efficiency of healthcare retailers in Pune, India. The survey was conducted among 240 healthcare retailers, including chemist shops and Ayurvedic medicine shops, through a close-ended structured questionnaire and purposive sampling. This study finds prominent supply chain practices such as inventory replenishment, accuracy in stock availability, logistics operation, and reliability of a supplier as key determinants of operational efficiency. The data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression to identify the association between practices and perceptions of retailers on operational efficiency. The outcomes of this study identify effective inventory management, timely delivery, and effective supplier relations as having positive effects on operational efficiency, whereas wrong stock details and late delivery as having negative effects. This study enriches the literature on supply chain in healthcare retail with practical implications to enhance operational efficiency. The results are of use to supply chain managers and policymakers to maximize healthcare retail activities, enhance the delivery of services, and foster competitive advantage in the sector. Future studies may explore the use of digital technologies and regulatory mechanisms in influencing supply chain management in healthcare.