This paper examines the evolving landscape of corporate governance and directors' legal accountability following major financial misconduct scandals in the 21st century. Through critical analysis of statutory duties, fiduciary obligations, and enforcement mechanisms, this research explores the tension between maximizing shareholder value and protecting broader public interests. The analysis reveals significant gaps between theoretical legal frameworks and practical accountability, particularly in preventing systemic financial misconduct. Drawing on case studies from major corporate failures and regulatory responses across multiple jurisdictions, this paper argues that current governance structures inadequately balance private enterprise autonomy with public interest protection. The findings suggest that meaningful reform requires strengthening enforcement mechanisms, expanding the scope of directors' duties to explicitly include stakeholder considerations, and reimagining the purpose of the corporation in contemporary society. This research contributes to ongoing debates about corporate responsibility, regulatory reform, and the role of law in shaping ethical business conduct..