The study compares the satisfaction levels of men and women who work from home and the impact of this transition from the working office culture to an entirely new WFH culture. It also shows satisfaction level, connectivity level, cooperation with colleagues, stress level, and effect on parenthood in parents who worked from home during the pandemic. Ultimately, it also concludes whether people would like to continue WFH culture post covid, especially women. Quantitative research and data analysis were conducted on the sample population of size 118 people from PAN India working in the corporate field for the study. Of 118 people, 41 were women (35%), and 77 were men (65%). Based on the analysis, it could be concluded that most people in the sampling frame were satisfied with working from home. It could also be inferred that working from home had a Neutral to High impact on employees' Work-Life balance due to uneven working hours and longer shifts. Also, the study shows that there is quite a considerable impact of WFH on parenthood in aspects of caregiving to their children and change in behaviour of the working parents towards their children due to frustration from work and uneven working hours. An analysis was done to find out if and how many women working from home would like to continue the same culture post covid, and it concluded that most of them were either willing to continue working from home (40%) or were not sure about it/maybe (34%).

Transformational leadership is crucial for corporate development in today's fast-paced digital environment. A key idea that can have a big impact on a company's success in the ever-changing digital context is transformational leadership. To be sure, there is still a significant knowledge vacuum on the mechanics and effects of transformational leadership in the setting of the digital age, even with the topic's growing significance. This study investigates transformational leadership in educational institutions in the age of digital innovations. The results displayed that to apply the full pair of one size and other elements and every indication of transformational leadership, greater emphasis should be provided to individuals and less focus has to be paid to any errors made by employees. Educational institution leaders are anticipated to utilize this study as a resource when selecting a leadership style, and it is anticipated to have consequences for the efficacy of educational institution leadership.

Supply chain resilience has turned out to be one of the focuses businesses which want to cope with the existing disruptions. In that regard, this paper explores operational recovery, sustainability, collaboration as key dimensions of a resilient supply chain. By sampling 254 participants from different industries, the study seeks to examine how operating recovery capability, interfirm partnerships and operational sustainability contributes to supply chain resilience in the face of disruptions. Consequently, the research conclusions contain important suggestions to the researchers and scholars that will follow in a similar field, and for practitioners and policymakers who are challenged by restrictions in raising performance and coping with risks on a volatile business environment.

This research looks at how strategic HRM and business performance are affected by transformational leadership. The study discovered that motivating inspiration and stimulating intellect had a major favourable impact on managing human resources strategically. The research also emphasized how critical it is to choose the right form of leadership for the turbulent, unpredictable, complicated, and confusing present market climate. The conceptual framework, impacting variables, and processes of action of connected ideas were the main areas of emphasis for this study’s examination of the connection between transformational management and employee output. To provide future researchers investigating transforming leadership and worker output a point of guidance, the study also outlined the shortcomings of the previous research and suggested directions for further investigation.

New Product Development (NPD) is a critical factor for success in the automotive industry, influencing market competitiveness and innovation. This study examines the impact of design iterations & changes (DI), virtual manufacturing readiness (VMR), supplier process readiness (SPR), and people skills & competencies (PSC) on New Product Development Performance (NPDP). A structured survey was conducted among 258 professionals in the automotive sector, and data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results confirm that excessive design iterations negatively impact NPD performance, while virtual manufacturing, supplier readiness, and workforce competency significantly enhance NPD outcomes. The study offers theoretical contributions to NPD literature and practical insights for manufacturers aiming to optimize product development cycles.

Gen Zers enhanced with technological proficiency and global outlook are entering and about to enter the workforce. However, there are many concerns regarding the readiness of these Gen Zers for people centric roles like HR. Through this study, the researchers tried to explore the influence of age, gender and education on the soft skills. Incorporating descriptive research design, the data are collected from 72 respondents using structured questionnaire. The data are analyzed using regression analysis and two-way ANOVA.

It was found that the Gen Z HR professionals lagged in non-verbal communication, emotional intelligence, HR domain knowledge and intuitive and strategic thinking. They are moderately proficient in team work, written communication and problem-solving. While gender was found to have no significant influence on the soft skills, education and age exhibited marginal and statistically significant influence on soft skills.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) conflicts have traditionally been resolved through litigation, often leading to prolonged disputes, high costs, and an overburdened judicial system. Apart from the regular m ode of dealing with issues by court system, the conflicts have been resolved through other traditional methods as well like through the Panchayati system and other village-based arrangements. However, an emerging trend in the resolution of IPR disputes is the adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, such as arbitration, mediation, and negotiation. These methods offer a more efficient, confidential, and flexible approach to resolving complex IPR conflicts while promoting innovation and collaboration. This paper explores the growing preference for ADR in IPR disputes, analyzing its advantages, challenges, and global developments. It also examines landmark cases and legislative frameworks that support ADR mechanisms in intellectual property matters. ADR has the ability to provide corporate entities of different nationalities with a single unified arbitration forum, resulting in a final and enforceable ruling that is binding across various jurisdictions. As a result, a rising number of IP owners and users are turning to well-known alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures such as arbitration and mediation to settle their IP conflicts. The study concludes that ADR serves as a viable alternative to traditional litigation, fostering a balanced and amicable resolution of disputes in the dynamic field of intellectual property.

In the evolving landscape of branding and marketing, traditional trademarks such as words, logos, and symbols are no longer the only tools for brand recognition. Businesses now seek to distinguish their products through unconventional trademarks, including sounds, scents, colors, holograms, and even motion. This paper critically analyzes the legal frameworks governing such non-traditional marks in India and compares them with international regimes, particularly in the United States and the European Union. It highlights the challenges surrounding registration, distinctiveness, and enforcement, and explores the scope of legal reform to accommodate the dynamic nature of modern brand identity.

The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002, was enacted to empower banks and financial institutions to recover non-performing assets (NPAs) efficiently without the intervention of courts. While the Act significantly strengthened creditor rights, it also raised concerns regarding the protection of borrower interests and the balance of power between lenders and debtors. This paper explores the practical efficacy of the SARFAESI Act in achieving its legislative intent, examines the evolving judicial interpretations and trends in its application, and analyzes the safeguards available to borrowers against arbitrary or excessive creditor actions. Through a comprehensive review of case law, enforcement data, and comparative legal insights, the study evaluates whether the Act continues to serve its dual objectives of financial discipline and fairness in debt recovery.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between talent management practices and employee performance and satisfaction in the retail sector of West Bengal. As the competition in the retail industry intensifies and as more and more establishments produce young and educated employees, talent management has become a crucial factor in achieving further business growth and increased productivity. The survey is focused on the views of the employees based on talent management and the opportunities available to them in the company, career progression, reward system, performance incentives, and training and development programmes offered. It was established that there exists an awareness of career development and training, but there is some ambiguity on its equality, practicality of performance reviews and clear compensation policies. The study indicates that increased communication between employers and employees, an accurate definition of expected performance, and more specific rewards and promotions can significantly enhance employee satisfaction and thus increase retention rates. It also confirms the difficulty organizations have in drafting an effective succession plan and training programme to meet the challenges of a dynamic retail environment. In conclusion, the study provides important implications for improving talent management approaches to manage better and achieve superior performance for the organization.

Pricing strategies are essential tools that businesses use to determine how much to charge for their products. In the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, where competition is intense and consumers are often price-sensitive, choosing the right pricing approach can significantly influence buying decisions and overall market success. This study explores how different pricing strategies impact consumer behavior, with a focus on the Indian FMCG industry. It aims to shed light on how companies can craft effective pricing and merchandising tactics by understanding customer perceptions and responses. Drawing insights from existing research and secondary data, the study offers a clear conceptual framework to evaluate how pricing strategies shape consumer choices and decision-making processes.. The study follows a descriptive approach, relying on an extensive review of literature to evaluate prevailing pricing models and their implications for consumer behavior. behaviour 

The impact of augmented reality (AR) attributes on hedonic and utilitarian values remains a topic of considerable ambiguity. Understanding how AR features contribute to emotional enjoyment and practical functionality is essential for designing effective marketing strategies, with this aim the research investigates the role of augmented reality (AR) attributes in creating purchase intentions, with hedonic and utilitarian values as mediating variables. The research synthesizes 20 quantitative studies on augmentation reality using meta-analysis. the study findings highlight interactivity and vividness as the most significant AR features, they are influential in fostering users enhance consumer experiences and creates the purchase intenstion of the consumers. Overall study provides valuable insights into the role of AR attributes in influencing consumer behavior, offering a foundation for developing more effective marketing strategies.

The Maha Kumbh in India and Hajj in Saudi Arabia are among the world's largest religious gatherings, profoundly influencing tourism, infrastructure, and employment. This study examines their economic models from 2000 to 2024, focusing on revenue generation, investment trends, and job creation.Maha Kumbh, drawing up to 400 million visitors, significantly boosts local economies but depends on temporary, state-funded infrastructure. In contrast, Hajj follows a structured, revenue-driven model with mandatory fees, high-end hospitality, and year-round Umrah tourism, ensuring continuous financial growth and permanent employment opportunities.The study highlights policy recommendations to strengthen pilgrimage economies through sustainable infrastructure, digital advancements, and public-private partnerships. By comparing these models, it offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to maximize long-term economic benefits from religious tourism while ensuring sustainable development.

The adoption of IoT technologies is currently rapidly changing the course of Human Resource Management (HRM), with regards to recruitment and engagement. This empirical research aims to discuss how IoT-based technologies in analyzing real-time and Big Data and developing predictive models contribute to recruitment process improvement, employee performance optimization, and operational costs reduction. Through the identification of IoT use cases in Microsoft, Cisco, and IBM, this study shows how smart workplaces, artificial intelligence in recruitment, and IoT sensors enhance decision making and compliance in the HR domain. The study presents various positive effects on recruitment accuracy, employees’ interaction, and work safety. This paper highlights IoT’s significance in the contemporary HRM, with new avenues for more extensive research to be provided in the reliable predictive workforce management and compliance. The study adds to knowledge about how organizations can leverage IoT to build better and more effective HR systems that adapt to the needs of the workforce..

Financial data examination is currently a key instrument that impacts vital dynamic in the cutting-edge organization climate. This study inspects the different ways that monetary information investigation influences corporate procedure, seeing how organizations use information driven bits of knowledge to work on financial execution, smooth out processes, and get an upper hand. In this day of computerized innovation, misrepresentation is turning out to be considerably more refined and far reaching. It influences a wide range of regions, including Visa exchanges, protection cases, and then some, and it causes enormous monetary misfortunes. To distinguish false movement, monetary foundations and associations have utilized various models in view of various methods, like Deep learning, Machine Learning, and information mining. Organizations should have the right construction set up to foster their monetary show, which is additionally upheld by progressions in development that affect organizations.

In the current challenging business world, there is a need for companies to support their operations through financial analysis. Within this empirical study, the effects of predictive, prescriptive, and regression models on financial performance, cost optimization, and risk management are examined. Pursuant to the analysis of real-time financial data, time series forecasting, and Monte Carlo simulations, this research offers practical recommendations for increasing profitability and managing risks to businesses. The findings underscore the relevance of the use of data in the making of sound business decisions. In addition, prescriptive analytics provide a blueprint of proper investment to be made in any given market, especially in volatile environments. This research contributes to the enhancement of the understanding of how financial analytics may be adopted in the strategic management’s major strategic directions and the sound growth of the company.

Behavioral finance is a theory that opposes rationality by considering psychological factors as influencing investment and strategic decisions. This empirical investigation seeks to establish the effects of overconfidence, belief, regret, and the snakebite effect on business decisions. The analysis of the data of 120 respondents shows that all types of biases influence decisions, and the highest effect is the “snakebite” effect when using multiple linear regression. These outcomes indicate the necessity of avoiding biases in the management of businesses to enhance the risks and strategic plans assessment. In the end, the study encourages for the development of frameworks that will ensure that biases are deemphasized and that rationality takes precedence.

Employee development has progressed beyond conventional training methods, as firms increasingly embrace interactive and technology-driven strategies to improve workforce competencies. The amalgamation of gamification, simulations, and sophisticated digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR), to establish an engaging and efficacious learning environment.  Aligning training programs with business objectives enables firms to guarantee that skill acquisition positively enhances productivity, innovation, and sustained success.  Gamification components, such as incentives, challenges, and progress monitoring, enhance motivation and retention, whilst role-playing and simulations offer practical experience in authentic situations. AI-driven educational platforms customize training trajectories, enhancing knowledge acquisition according to individual requirements. Virtual reality-based immersive environments significantly augment the application of practical skills, especially in technical and high-risk sectors. Scalable digital frameworks guarantee that training programs are adaptive to workforce growth and technological progress. The implementation of an interactive learning technique produces substantial advantages, such as enhanced problem-solving abilities, increased collaboration, and expedited job preparedness. Organizations that prioritize experiential training experience enhanced employee engagement, less turnover, and improved adaptability in a swiftly changing business environment. This strategic recommendations for corporations and training executives to build effective, technology-integrated learning solutions. By cultivating a culture of perpetual learning, organizations may create a proficient, future-ready workforce, so ensuring ongoing growth and competitive superiority.

The marketing environment has been completely transformed as a result of digital transformation in today's hyperconnected world, which has been responsible for changing the interaction between businesses and consumers.  The ways in which firms can strategically bridge insights about consumer behavior with brand innovation in order to succeed in a market that is now undergoing fast change.  Using artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the internet of things (IoT), and emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR/VR), chatbots, and blockchain, it investigates the historical transition from traditional marketing to digital marketing. The understanding of modern consumer behavior, including the growing demands for individualized and seamless experiences across a variety of digital touchpoints, is a primary focus of the organization.  By utilizing data analytics, social listening, and journey mapping, organizations have the ability to discover actionable insights that may create meaningful engagement and innovation that is centered on the consumer perspective. The ways in which firms can employ agile development, co-creation, and feedback loops in order to match their product and service offerings with the requirements of their customers.  Brands are able to optimize their campaigns and offer hyper-targeted content at scale when they integrate customer relationship management (CRM) systems and marketing automation solutions.

The corporate training landscape has transitioned from conventional teaching methods to more interactive and immersive techniques.  The integration of game dynamics into professional learning to improve engagement, information retention, and skill application.  By integrating components such as challenges, rewards, real-time feedback, and progress monitoring, businesses establish dynamic learning environments that enhance motivation and foster long-term competence. The discourse emphasizes the tenets of experiential learning and the manner in which structured game-based approaches enhance active engagement. Successful implementations illustrate how firms utilize interactive training methodologies to enhance employee performance in leadership, sales, and soft skills development.  The potential obstacles such as excessive focus on rewards, employee resistance, and accessibility issues, while providing best practices for creating effective programs. Essential insights encompass the imperative of harmonizing engagement with educational merit, connecting training methodologies with company objectives, and perpetually enhancing learning systems through feedback and analytics.  The future of corporate training will be influenced by developing technologies, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and adaptive learning systems.  These innovations will further customize and improve the learning experience, ensuring that employees acquire essential skills in a continuously changing professional environment.

Product administrators may now make better choices about costs, advertising, and development of products thanks to machine learning (ML), which is transforming analytical forecasting. They may search through enormous databases for unseen relationships or trends using this equipment, which gives them fresh perspectives on how decisions are made. A person pursuing a career in machine learning product management has to be well-versed in statistical analysis, mathematics, and the constraints of adaptive programming. To predict future trends and make better judgments about managing products, advanced machine learning algorithms can evaluate previous sales data. Additionally, they may use consumer preferences for items to tailor recommendations to make items and services stand out and inspire fresh, clever ideas for internet marketing. Managers of products may also benefit from using machine learning technologies to set goals for developing products and discover features that consumers find most useful.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is making things more personalized for people. Data helps companies learn more about their clients and decide what to do. It's getting too hard to handle all the customer information we have. Brands can learn what their customers like and don't like, guess how they'll act, and improve their experiences with AI-based tools. This talk will look at how AI can be used in marketing to make things stand out and learn more about people. To make sure that every customer gets a unique marketing plan, people can use AI, data analytics, machine learning, and natural language processing (NLP). It's not always clear how open computers should be, what is right, or how to use AI in marketing. In the last part of the paper, the writers talk about the future of AI in marketing and how it might change the way companies talk to their clients.

The integration of advanced technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and automation into Human Resource (HR) functions has transformed the way organizations manage employee data, recruitment processes, and workforce engagement. However, this digital evolution has also introduced new vulnerabilities and heightened the risk of cyber threats, particularly concerning data privacy. As HR systems become central repositories of sensitive employee information—including personal identifiers, financial records, health data, and behavioral analytics—they are increasingly targeted by cybercriminals and exposed to internal and third-party risks.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of cybersecurity and data privacy challenges in the digital HR ecosystem. It synthesizes current research, industry reports, and case studies published between 2018 and 2024 to explore the threat landscape specific to HR technology, including phishing, ransomware, insider threats, and vendor-related breaches. The study also evaluates global regulatory frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP 2023), examining how these influence data governance in HR systems.

The review identifies key technical and organizational safeguards—including encryption, access control, incident response protocols, and privacy-by-design principles—while highlighting gaps in literature related to AI governance, employee consent, and long-term data security. It concludes with actionable recommendations and future research directions, aiming to support HR leaders, technologists, and policymakers in building secure, ethical, and resilient digital HR environments.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the MKTOR scale in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to test its applicability.

Theoretical framework: Market orientation has been a pivotal subject for numerous strategic management scholars since the 1990s.  Its primary emphasis is on customer satisfaction, which significantly influences organisational performance.  Historically, various studies have utilised the MKTOR scale, recognised as one of the most valid and reliable metrics of market orientation, across diverse contexts.  However, there exists a scarcity of empirical data pertaining to emerging nations, with the majority of these research findings focusing on large enterprises within developed economies.  The present study seeks to revalidate the most adaptable and extensively employed measure of market orientation within India's small-scale sector, owing to the context-specific nature of this framework construct.

Design/methodology/approach: 248 manufacturing SMEs in India were chosen at random.  The original MKTOR scale was refined and its validity was established using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation.

Findings: The scale’s reliability and validity were successfully established, providing support for the scale's generalizability.

Research, Practical & Social implications: By analyzing well-established approaches in understudied fields, especially in developing countries, thepresent study significantly adds to the corpus of information already available on market orientation.  Practitioners viewed this as extremely relevant since market orientation has a substantial impact on corporate performance.   Managers will gain important insights into a company's market orientation through the use of this scale, which has been successful in the Indian context. These insights include “customer orientation”, “competitor orientation”, and “interfunctional coordination”, all of which can be used to improve performance.

Originality/value:The adoption of such results within the framework of emerging economies is illogical, as a great deal of the research concerning market orientation predominantly focuses on well-established industrial economies across the globe. This study seeks to revalidate the most flexible and widely utilised measure of market orientation within India's small-scale sector due to the construct's context-specific nature.

Despite very little known about their potential influence on leadership outcomes and its implications in leadership behaviour, psychedelic drugs and mindfulness meditation are promising as mental health therapies.  The aim of this research was to ascertain if and how the use of psychedelic and mindfulness meditation affects leadership of respondents whose primary job was management.  Although causation cannot be deduced by the research methodology, the results of this study suggest possible complimentary benefits of mindfulness meditation and psychedelic usage on leadership which may lead to new techniques in leadership development

Sustainability has emerged as a significant facet of the new consumerism despite the fact that green branding effectiveness is significantly influenced by the consumer’s perception and credibility. This research aims at exploring the effects of green branding on the consumer in the context of trust, skepticism, and engagement as captured in the Sustainable Lifestyle Rating Dataset. It was also found that the committed green consumers are fully supportive of green marketing while the moderate green consumers want more information and motivation to embrace green products. Based on the sentiment analysis, clustering and behavior mapping, this study recognizes the major gaps in consumer-brand trust relationship and outlines that authenticity, third-party endorsement, and behavioral consistency are the key elements for sustainable marketing. Drawing from the study, businesses, policymakers, and marketers can use the findings to make specific adjustments to their strategies in order to increase the authenticity of green branding and, in turn, the sustainability of consumer engagement:

AI and automation have become a new reality of industries and they pose a significant influence on HRM. This research explores the impact of AI in terms of predicting attrition and the analysis of workforce collaboration in HRM. This paper uses Logistic Regression and K-Means Clustering for evaluating employee engagement, risks of attrition, and inefficiencies of collaboration for workforce improvement. The research shows that the higher frequency of collaboration reduces the chances of attrition among employees and the use of AI in structuring the team leads to increased productivity. This paper shows how AI is useful in recruitment, performance management, and learning and development, thus taking HRM to the next level of strategic, predictive and data-driven model. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed such as ethical issues, algorithmic bias, and workforce issues. This paper offers the HR professionals and the business managers the ways and means of using AI for the benefit of their organizations and people. Here are four ways that can be enabled through the implementation of AI in the HR field:

The agricultural sector remains essential to preserve worldwide food security together with economic stability especially in territories where farmers heavily depend on agriculture for financial stability. The necessity to predict crop yields accurately increases because of population growth combined with changing environmental conditions. The research paper provides an organized review of crop yield forecasting systems which implement machine learning algorithms. The research evaluates supervised and ensemble learning models such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting (GB) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) as well as advanced Deep Learning (DL) approaches to solve agricultural system complexities. The analysis shows that innovative ML algorithms need development for diverse high-dimensional data sets which include weather patterns and soil characteristics and crop types and historical yield records. This research analyzes recent advancements of remote sensing systems and IoT-based data collection regarding their functions for live accurate prediction operations. This research highlights the necessity of feature engineering together with data preprocessing alongside hybrid modeling strategies for solving issues that affect datasets and environmental factors as well as scalability. Different algorithms perform effectively for yield prediction purposes because their analysis has demonstrated high accuracy and robust prediction capabilities. The research provides detailed information to assist both practitioners and researchers who want to improve decision systems in agriculture with sustainable machine learning approaches for crop management.

In developing nations like India, water contamination poses a significant environmental and public health challenge. The paper delves into an extensive comparative study of water pollution in India and Telangana State and its origins, impacts and geographical differences. It mainly emphasizes on manufacturing effluents, farming leachates, urban sewage management, rubbish management and customs. The results bring to light the difficulties encountered in combating water contamination and offer suggestions for practical answers....

The cosmetics industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors globally, driven by increasing consumer awareness and demand for personal care products. India is a country which has population of over a billion people using skin care. Over the last decade, India has seen consistent growth in the personal care and cosmetics market with increasing shelf space in boutiques and retail stores across the country. The Indian cosmetics industry is majorly categorised into skin care, hair care, oral care, fragrances, and colour cosmetics segments. The overall market share is expected to grow to US$ 20 billion by 2025 with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25%. On the other hand, the global cosmetics industry is growing at 4.3% CAGR and will reach US$ 450 billion by 2025. And over a period of time awareness and use of skin care cosmetic product have increased, where people are more conscious about the ingredients that are present in the skin care products and also ingredients which will suit their skin type. In this study an attempt is made to study how consumer behaves for different types of skin care cosmetic products available in the market and also a diverse sample of participants will be surveyed to gather insights into their preferences for different types of skin care cosmetic products. This study focuses on identifying key factors that influence purchasing decisions, brand perception, price sensitivity, marketing influences and awareness on skin care cosmetic products. The survey also examines the impact of demographic factors on consumer perception towards the skin care cosmetic products and its market. The findings of this survey will contribute to the existing body of knowledge in consumer perception and awareness about skin care cosmetic product and its market condition...

This study delves into the connection between efficient consumer response (ECR) and supplier collaboration. We have gained valuable insights through a thorough primary survey and OLS regression analysis. The responsiveness parameters examined include logistics costs, improved service to our partners, overall service enhancement, superior customer service, lead times, positive perceptions of the company, and competitiveness. Our findings reveal a compelling relationship between these responsiveness factors and successful supplier collaboration. This emphasizes the need for organizations to implement targeted strategies that strengthen their partnerships, ultimately driving exceptional success in supply chain management..

Digital learning platforms are changing the way India teaches and learns in school education. Despite this huge push, the implementation of digital learning is not uniform across all educational boards both in terms of extent and effectiveness. Digital Learning in Schools: A Comparative Study in Nagpur City (CBSE and State Board Schools) Evaluate how ready infrastructure is, how teachers are being trained, whether or not digital content is available, whether the students are engaged and how much learning happens. We surveyed educators and students, interviewed school administrators, and conducted classroom observations to engage in a mixed-methods analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. Evidence suggests that CBSE schools have a more formalized and better-resourced approach to digital learning, attributed to centralized guidelines and technology access, while State Board schools grapple with budget limitations, sporadic implementation, and inadequate teacher training. However, both systems are hopeful for the future of digital education. The study identifies key gaps and offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and educators, including best practices to further equitable and effective delivery of digital learning across all types of schools. This work complements the larger debate on educational equity and technology-led academic innovation in the Indian schooling system.

Shoplifting has been a big problem for businesses since the 1950s, when the paradigm transitioned from service to self-service stores. However, until now, this has not been considered a crime. This study attempted to learn about the features of shoplifting, particularly in Jammu City, including the traits of shoplifters and the situation of retail businesses where theft occurs. The study focused on 98 general store retail shops in Jammu City. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The conclusions and suggestions serve as a reference for retailers looking to reduce stealing.

Purpose:

The main purpose of this paper is to find the impact of digitization of branch banking on audit and compliance in branch.

Method:

The impact of digitization on audit and compliance is evaluated with respect to the following five audit and compliance performance criteria viz., Branch audit rating, FOCUS, Customer escalation, No. of critical requests, Compliance Adherence Score. The data for the above-mentioned parameters is gather for a three years pre-digitization period ranging from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017. Similarly, the post digitization data is gathered for three years period from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020. The pre-digitization and post-digitization averages of all the parameters are compared with the help of paired t-test.

Results:

The result of paired sample t-test reveal that, since. P-value obtained in case of all the parameters is less than the alpha value of 0.05 (p<0.05), there is significant impact of digitization of bank on audit and compliance.

Conclusion:

The result of the hypothesis testing reveal that there is significant impact of digitization of banks on audit and compliance. All the parameters i.e. Branch audit rating, FOCUS, Customer escalation, No. of critical requests, Compliance Adherence Score have shown a significant improvement post digitization.

This paper describes how risk management strategies have been incorporated into Research Centers and illustrates the specific role of Research Centers as a bridge between academia, industry and government. In this study, based on a review of the evolution of the practiceof risk management in Research Centers as facing practitioners, itproposes a robust framework that is adapted to Research Centerson the basis of an analysis of the evolution of their practicesto deal with multidisciplinary environment. The three core strategies it proposes include precautionary, risk informed, and discursive approaches that it elaborates upon through secondary data analysis, historic insight, and throughout. The paper also discusses how advanced risk management practices can be integrated to address problems resulting from deep uncertainties with the motive to enhance resilience within possible disruptions. These strategies are used in conjunction by Research Centers to enable their combination of innovation and risk mitigation for sustainable growth in line with the societal and scientific objects. The problem with this is that such complexity of research challenges needs a systematic, comprehensive and flexible framework for the management of such risk itself and this study brings out that this is significant.

In today’s era, marketers use different strategies to attract customers and make them loyal. Anthropomorphic appearance is a strategic way to portray a brand by giving human characteristics to non-human elements. Many companies upgrade their logo with an anthropomorphic appearance either by logo upgrade or logo change to foster emotional relationships with customers. In line with this phenomenon, the present research aims to understand the effect of logo change or logo upgrades on brand loyalty in the automobile industry. The review identifies past, present, and future logo change or upgrade methods. The present investigation was conducted for a systematic literature review on logo upgradation (Evolutionary branding) or logo changes (Revolutionary branding) in the automobile industry using the PRISMA model based on 25 papers from the database of 2011 to 2024. The study evaluates how anthropomorphic appearance has been conceptualized and operationalized in the automobile context, and from thematic analysis, it identifies research gaps and suggests future explorations. A bibliometric analysis with a network diagram provides a conceptual framework for examining the relationship between anthropomorphic appearance and its underlying causes and consequences.

Environmental sustainability has become a critical concern for organizations worldwide, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are the lifeblood of many economies, in recent years. We present a mini review on SMEs adoption of green supply chain management practices. The research seeks to understand how SMEs embed sustainability into their supply chains, whether that be as part of procurement, production, distribution or disposal. By employing a mixed-methods approach consisting of quantitative surveys as well as qualitative interviews with SME managers, the research outlines the studied drivers, barriers and benefits of GSCM. The results indicate that although financial limitations and insufficient technical know-how are major challenges, SMEs which implement eco-friendly practices experience increased operational efficiencies, improved brand reputation, and increased regulatory compliance. Strategy recommendations (Sukhoo and Rampersad, 2023). As the GSCM is an enabler for achieving sustainable competitive advantage for SMEs, the paper ends by providing both policy-makers and stakeholders in the micro-enterprise space recommendations that would facilitate improved integration of GSCM practices across supply chains, accrual of GSCM health benefits, which can only serve to strengthen the sustainability and competitive advantage of SMEs.

This paper examines customer perception of AI-driven chatbots in banking services, exploring their role in enhancing customer experience and operational efficiency in the financial sector. With the growing reliance on digital solutions in banking, AI-powered chatbots have emerged as a crucial tool for providing personalized and instant customer service. The study reviews existing literature, analyses case studies from various banking institutions, and assesses the impact of AI chatbots on customer satisfaction, trust, and service accessibility. In addition, the research delves into the challenges to widespread adoption, including concerns related to data privacy, the perceived impersonal nature of AI interactions, and the accuracy of AI responses. The paper also investigates customer willingness to embrace AI-driven chatbots and highlights the factors that influence their acceptance, such as convenience, reliability, and transparency. The findings offer valuable insights into how AI chatbots are transforming customer service in the banking industry, providing recommendations for improving AI chatbot design and communication strategies to foster trust and customer loyalty..

The study titled "Adoption of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in Chhattisgarh: Understanding User Behaviour and Personal Finance" explores how UPI has revolutionized financial transactions among Chhattisgarh residents. UPI has seamlessly integrated into daily life for routine expenses like groceries and utilities, particularly post-COVID-19. However, its use for more complex financial services such as investments and insurance remain limited due to trust and awareness issues. The research focuses on understanding how user behaviour and personal finance are intertwined, highlighting that younger, educated individuals are more engaged with UPI, valuing its convenience and user-friendly platforms like Google Pay and PhonePe. Data from 146 respondents across diverse demographics revealed that UPI facilitates expense tracking, though effective budget management remains challenging. Despite a moderate positive correlation between favourable UPI usage and improved personal finance, issues like cyber fraud and data privacy concerns persist. From 2019 to 2022, Chhattisgarh recorded 4,22,43,261 transactions through 230 bank branches, with digital payments contributing 2.5 crores (0.04%). This indicates a significant yet underutilized potential for digital financial growth. The study underscores the importance of financial literacy, targeted demographic education, and enhanced platform features to promote robust financial management. Policy recommendations focus on fostering digital inclusivity and responsible financial habits, addressing both the benefits and unintended consequences of rapid UPI adoption. By providing micro-level insights, this research contributes to a holistic understanding of how digital payment platforms impact personal finance, with implications for broader financial inclusion and economic stability.

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This research article offers a unique perspective on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in grocery shopping. Grocery shopping is in a transformation phase due to e-commerce growth and significant influence of technology leaders. Artificial Intelligence has been a contributing factor in this transformation through data analytics as applied to standardization and decision making, and particularly, it can now do it autonomously and efficiently. Global digitalization through the internet and smart devices such as smartphones can be identified as the key operating systems for grocery shopping evolution. Customers empowered by smart devices have experienced a massive change in their overall shopping experience, expectations, habits of shopping, and searching for different stores. In this article, discussions will emphasize several noteworthy innovations, as well as AI, big data, Internet of Things (IoT), chatbots, and robots as part of the retail evolution and have changed the shopping experience. The article discusses what several authors have said about AI and profitability and the strategic implications for roughly the customer and the retailer. By discussing the potential advantages AI can provide the retail industry, the article discusses the emerging implications of AI as a reputable asset in grocery shopping success and apart of growth.

The retail industry is intensely competitive, with consumer preferences significantly influencing store success. The study investigates the influence of various factors such as store image, merchandise, layout, brand perception, customer experience, and value consciousness on consumer preference and subsequent purchase of apparel retail stores' brands, concentrating in Hyderabad, Telangana. The findings indicated that store image, merchandise quality, brand perception, and value consciousness substantially influence consumer preferences, while store layout and prior experience appear to have a negligible impact on consumer preference. Moreover, customer preferences significantly influence the purchase of store brands. Retailers should prioritize quality, branding, and value-oriented methods to improve consumer loyalty. Limitations including geographical emphasis, cross-sectional data, and unexplored variables were recognized, allowing for future study to investigate broader markets, digital retail characteristics, and sustainability factors. This study offers practical insights for companies aiming to align their products with consumer expectations in a fluctuating retail environment.

Every sector was badly affected, and the platform economy was one of the worst affected sectors during pandemic. Even though some digital platforms did benefit from the pandemic and lockdown, most were severely affected. The range of items offered on the e-commerce platform rose, implying that the concentration of sales on niche products may rise as more customers were lured to online platforms. Well-known "food aggregators" like Zomato, Swiggy, Foodpanda, and Ubereats are economically supplying Indian cities with food via the internet. The study is concentrating on the industry and its strategy. The sample of the study was teenagers. The research worked on the Freudian model of human behaviour. The study was based on survey and deductive in context to approaches. The study analysed the impact of pandemic on the consumer buying behaviour with reference to the online food applications among the Indian Teenagers and the adaptation strategies of the platform industry during pandemic to achieve competitive advantage. The results of the study confirmed that pandemic has affected the purchase behaviour of the consumer and lead to a shift towards the online food industry. The study identifies the competitive excellence in the platform industry based on a situation and the adaptation of the players.

AI tools are revolutionizing entrepreneurial ecosystems by promoting ethical decision-making, creativity, and individual and organizational well-being.   It examines a comprehensive framework that uses AI to drive resilient, inclusive, and sustainable entrepreneurship.   AI-driven mental health apps, adaptive learning platforms, and predictive analytics can help entrepreneurs increase resource usage, reduce stress, and boost creativity.   The review analyzes 60 of 250 research on AI and entrepreneurship using PRISMA to give readers a complete picture.   Key findings illustrate how AI may address systemic difficulties, democratize opportunities for excluded populations, and promote a well-rounded entrepreneurial strategy.   However, algorithmic biases, data privacy, and accessibility inequities remain important.   The study concludes with practical advice on the need of teamwork in designing morally sound and flexible AI systems for a variety of entrepreneurial groupings..

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the e-commerce landscape, particularly in urban centres like Bangalore, India’s technology hub. This study explores how AI influences online grocery shopping behavior among Bangalore residents, focusing on factors such as personalized recommendations, convenience, trust, and purchase intention. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 400 respondents via an online survey, supplemented by secondary sources like academic journals and industry reports. The research objectives include assessing AI’s impact on consumer decision-making, identifying demographic variations in shopping behavior, and evaluating trust in AI-driven platforms. Hypotheses tested include a positive correlation between AI personalization and purchase intention, and differences in behavior based on age and income. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine relationships between variables. Results indicate that AI significantly enhances convenience (β = 0.62, p < 0.01) and trust (β = 0.58, p < 0.01), driving higher purchase intention (R² = 0.68). Younger consumers (18-35) and higher-income groups showed greater reliance on AI features. The SEM model confirmed a strong fit (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.04), highlighting AI’s mediating role in shaping behavior. This study underscores AI’s potential to revolutionize online grocery shopping in Bangalore, offering insights for retailers to optimize AI strategies. Limitations include the sample’s urban focus, suggesting future research in rural contexts.

The pharmaceutical business has seen significant transformation since the advent of online pharmacy marketing tools a few years back. E-business is one of the inventions that came out of the creation of ICT based online/mobile high-speed internet and enabled the establishment of online purchasing and selling of both tangible and intangible products. Its main benefits are its broad use, simplicity, and low cost to the customer of this online method. Nowadays, the paradigm of online buying and selling is becoming more and more popular, especially among young people. One kind of this e-purchasing model where a client may profit from part of it is e-pharmacy, when they purchase the suggested drug online. These websites now provide consumers an easy and convenient way to purchase prescription medications and other health-related products, replacing traditional physical pharmacies. This article investigates the many roles that E-Pharmacy marketing platforms play in improving consumer experiences, extending healthcare accessibility, and fostering general well-being. A standardized questionnaire is given to 91 respondents in a broad sample for the quantitative component, and 52 people with prior experience utilizing E-Pharmacy platforms are interviewed in-depth for the qualitative component. Important conclusions show that the main reasons people utilize internet pharmacy are convenience, competitive cost, and privacy. Delivery schedules, product availability, and worries regarding data protection are still issues, however. Through features like automated refill reminders and mobile app alerts, the research also emphasizes the important contribution that internet pharmacies make to enhancing prescription adherence. The results imply that internet pharmacies would become more and more important in offering individualized, easily accessible, and reasonably priced healthcare as technology develops.

There has been a rise in the development of a powerful tool that can forecast stock market trends and understand how consumers behave in the stock market, nicknamed sentiment analysis. Advanced machine learning techniques such as FinBERT, LSTM, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes are used for the impact analysis of investor sentiment on stock price movements in this research. The dataset used in the study comprises financial news, social media sentiment and company announcements to establish model performance. The experimental results show that FinBERT works better than the other classifiers proposed in sentiment classification (91.3%) and stock trend forecasting (88.7%), LSTM (82.5%), and Naïve Bayes (79.4%). Furthermore, trading strategies based on these models capitalize on sentiment from 9.2% higher return than the traditional trading strategies. Integration of real time sentiment analysis strengthens predictive accuracy and market decision making as found in the findings. It also brings out something from ESG sentiment analysis that shows that if there’s positive environmental sentiment, the stock price goes up an average of 3.8%, if there’s a negative sentiment, the price is 4.5% less. The importance of the sentiment analysis in the financial modeling is underscored by this research, and the hybrid models of combining economic indicator with sentiment trend of improved forecasting are needed.

The swift emergence of Quick Commerce (Q-commerce), with ultra-fast delivery, has revolutionized retailing by providing instant satisfaction to customers. This research examines the effect of Q-commerce on impulse purchasing behavior, considering psychological stimuli, marketing strategies and consumer groups. Based on a survey-based quantitative research design, responses from 283 participants were examined through factor analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression methods. The results indicate that convenience, timely promotions, and flexibility in digital payment have a major role in influencing impulse buying. Cluster analysis brought to light six different consumer segments with variations in buying habits and monetary knowledge. The research highlights the ethical dimensions of Q-commerce-based impulse purchasing and recommends a harmonious approach to marketing that ensures consumer wellness and business profitability..

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of perceived service quality and customer satisfaction on the purchase intentions of customers in the tourism industry in India. Research will be focusing on the perceptions and experience of tourism of different tourism service providers at various places in the major cities of Uttar Pradesh. The study also tries to evaluate the influence of service quality and customer satisfaction on tourist intention for repeat purchase or word-of-mouth communicative behaviour. We have adopted  both quantitative and qualitative approaches that will based on data collection through a structured questionnaire and a sample size of 400 tourists are visiting globally recognized tourism destinations in Uttar Pradesh. Analysis of the data is carried out using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures and thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis. The findings reveal that perceived service quality and customer satisfaction significantly affect purchase intentions, and the influence of service quality is stronger than that of satisfaction. This study provides insights that can help service providers in the tourism sector of India overcome any barriers and enhance customer experiences resulting in better purchase intentions.

Social networking is becoming a popular tool these days, especially in the case of the tourism industry. There has been a noticeable increase in the use of social media websites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram, because of the dynamic nature of technology. Numerous users are treating it to create blogs on these platforms and share photos while travelling. This becomes a medium of interaction with other users by sharing particulars of their interests and activities. From the perspective of the tourism industry, the stakeholders involved namely hoteliers, travel agents, and government are cherry-picking social media to connect with their guests and customers. The influence and opinion of people is of high significance, in case of travel, purchase, usage of service. Mammoth's dependency on social media for every prominent decision relating to travel has made social media and social networking sites an integral part of life.

Purpose: The current study aims to analyse the impact of social media on the travel decisions made by Generation Z. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of social media in shaping the perception of prospective travellers for the desired travel destinations. The Technology Acceptance Model has been used in the current study to develop a conceptual framework that will help understand the impact of social media on the travel decisions of the younger generation. The current study also aims to assess the role of age as a moderating factor for the formation of destination images among Generation Z.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample size of 420 respondents was used to meet the objective of examining the impact of social media on the creation of a sustainable destination image in a traveller’s mind. To examine the relationship between the intention to use social media and destination image, a conceptual model has been framed with the help of the Technology Acceptance Model.  The results of this study will be extremely important to online tourism marketers, as this will give them a better understanding of how the younger generation uses social networking sites. Also, the way social networking sites aid prospective travellers in the formation of a virtual destination impression. This will enable marketers to draft new or fine-tune their existing online marketing strategies.

Findings: The findings do not rely on any presumptions while confirming the theoretical model's robustness and strength. The main findings highlight that travellers’ information sources including social media, have an impact on their motives for exploring a place. The travellers’ motives have an impact on their cognitive image and travellers’ motivations have an impact on their affective image.

Originality/ Value: This research encompasses various variables namely Perceived Costs, Perceived Enjoyment, and Perceived Ease of Use which also examine their impact on the intention to use social media for travel purposes. This study also envisages social networking sites as a source of information and takes into account the direct and moderating linkages between numerous variables namely motivations, information sources, and image dimensions.

In the commercial sphere, arbitration is a quite common form of conflict resolution mechanism; one can discover an arbitration clause included in most business contracts. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 was enacted to resolve conflicts outside of court in a quick and friendly way and responding to the artificial intelligence and digital revolution, India has passed the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019. Nevertheless, it is observed that India chooses ad hoc style of arbitration over institutional manner of conflict resolution. This inevitably calls for the examination and assessment of the several characteristics of both types of arbitration as each has its own advantages and disadvantages such as the existence of the old law frameworks, the presence of the traditional thinking mode, and Slow arbitration procedures are among them are highlighted in the paper. It is also noted that the international arbitration seat is outside India with Indian participation as parties to it, in case of conflict. Thus, the measures are proposed in the sphere of increasing the awareness, having the proper legislation and appropriate institutional support and development of institutional arbitration in India. The paper further contrasts India’s arbitration to other similar centers such as SIAC and HKIAC based on their support from judiciary, infrastructure and professional competency. As for the measures to improve the arbitration environment in India, the paper also discusses education programmers, a shift of culture, the reinforcement of the position of the legal profession, and enforcement of the mechanisms. It all underlines such important facets as the efficacy of costs, the collaboration with the international counterparts, and adherence to the world practices. Therefore, this research argues that if these challenges are tackled and proper reforms conducted, India has the potential to be an ideal place of international arbitration. This change would not only help change India’s status in the international legal landscape but also significantly boost the country’s economy hence establishing the country as the preferable destination for the settlement of international commercial disputes.

Consumer The application of blockchain technology has significantly improved transparency, efficiency, and security in supply chain management. According to this research, blockchain can be exploited to operationalize supply chain operations through decentralized ledgers, smart contact and cryptographic security. Four blockchain based algorithms namely, Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) are analysed in the study to explore the influence on transaction speed, scalability and security of transaction speed, scalability and security. Experimental results show that, while PBFT is the most efficient in terms of its transaction throughput achieving 5,200 TPS, PoW is the least with 15 TPS, however it is highly secure, whereas PBFT does not seem to be. 1,500 TPS balances the equation of Pos with regard to both security and efficiency and 10,000 TPS helps in scalability using the DAGs. When blockchain is implemented, clutter is reduced, there are 40% less fraud cases, a 30% increase in accuracy of logistics tracking and a 25% reduction in operational costs when compared with traditional supply chain systems. However, despite integration complexity and scalability limitation, blockchain enables supply chain optimization to be a transformative tool. Future research, for such models to be enhanced still, should focus on hybrid blockchain models and their security and efficiency as well.

Businesses require capital budgeting as their key process to choose projects which produce maximum long-term value from investment opportunities. The examination process of capital budgeting consists of assessing new investments or projects so businesses can select those most appropriate for their financial targets along with their risk capacities. The past business world executed its investment assessments through combination of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) traditional approaches. The adoption of these evaluation methods occurs widely because they simplify the process of project profitability assessment. The traditional evaluation methods face increasing pressure because rapid technological changes and rising uncertainty began to challenge their effectiveness in modern business operations.

Real Options Analysis (ROA) along with AI-driven decision models constitute new approaches that overcome traditional techniques' deficits. ROA includes an adaptive mechanism that allows companies to respond to market changes because uncertainties affect strategic industries notably. Real Options Analysis provides optimal value to businesses running risk-filled projects like those in energy and technology that face significant uncertainty (Slade, 2001). The advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies has enabled businesses to process enormous volumes of data so they can perform outcomes predictions accurately and improve their decision processes (Angelo, Ayres, & Stanfield, 2018). The implementation of AI-driven assessment tools through predictive analytics advances capital budgeting decisions by helping identify risks while finding patterns and generating scenario simulations.

The study analyzes evaluation methods for capital budgeting opportunities between traditional NPV and IRR approaches against modern ROA and AI and machine learning methods. This research evaluates the alignment between the investigated methods with organizational strategies from a sustainability and corporate long-term goal perspective. Traditional methods deliver satisfactory results when markets remain stable but prove ineffective for dealing with unpredictable market situations and including environmental and social effects in evaluations. Advanced techniques help companies perform complex decision-making which integrates factoring risk management together with uncertainty and flexibility into their strategy (Brounen, De Jong, & Koedijk, 2004).

Traditional capital budgeting methods lead investment decision processes among small businesses with predictable market conditions but industrial sectors using advanced techniques to enhance performance and mitigate risks in their high-risk business environments. The capacity to handle investment-related uncertainty differentiates companies in high-risk sectors since it produces better volatility management results. The adoption of artificial intelligence tools alongside real options models by technology combined with energy and financial industries aims at outperforming competitors and achieving more accurate investment choices. ESG (Environmental Social and Governance) elements and sustainability are transforming the way organizations perform capital budgeting analysis because companies want to link their investment decisions to societal purpose (Alles et al., 2021; Sureka et al., 2022). The changed approach enhances financial outcome decisions while supporting business sustainability during the long term.

 This research shows that traditional budgeting methods will maintain their importance but implementing cutting-edge capital budgeting systems provides organizations with market-responsive capabilities that enhance their decision-making quality as well as environmental sustainability performance. The thorough method enables companies to make better strategic and informed choices which results in enduring competitive market performance.

This study offers a vital comparative analysis of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Scores and ESG Risks, utilizing data from 196 Indian firms. Employing an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model effectively uncovers the relationship between ESG scores and ESG risks among these firms. The findings compellingly illustrate the differences in ranking between ESG scores and ESG risk. The study also reveals a critical inverse correlation: as a firm’s ESG score rises, its ESG risk diminishes. This emphasizes the urgent need for organizations to prioritize ESG initiatives, as it provides a strategic roadmap for minimizing ESG risk exposure. Such insights empower firms to make informed decisions that can significantly boost their ESG scores. Furthermore, the practical implications of this research are substantial for organizations, laying a foundation for decision-making that fosters sustainability and long-term success..

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015 are an integrated strategy to tackle severe world problems from poverty, inequality, and climate change to environmental degradation, peace, and justice. These 17 linked goals offer an easy-to-adopt action agenda for achieving sustainable development and bring a call for all sectors of society, such as business, governments, and civil society, to join efforts and strive to secure an inclusive and sustainable future. Among all the stakeholders involved, business, particularly multinational firms (MNCs), hold a significant stake in the proper implementation of the SDGs. Through integrating sustainable practices into its business, the firm contributes towards world sustainability along with achieving vital competitive advantages simultaneously. To companies, or those companies that are integrating their operations in line with the SDGs, the benefits are numerous. Companies that operate in a sustainability-driven fashion generally enjoy enhanced brand image, increased investor confidence, enhanced market differentiation, and enhanced regulatory compliance. In addition, as consumers and investors become more inclined towards companies that are socially and environmentally responsible, integrating SDGs is now a necessary component in realizing long-term success in the marketplace. However, in spite of such strong incentives, broad adoption of the SDGs to business plans differs by industry and geography. Most companies have struggled to reconcile the pursuit of financial profitability with sustainability goals because the setup costs of shifting to sustainable practice could be astronomical. In addition, companies may encounter regulatory uncertainty, measurement challenges in sustainability performance, and organizational resistance to change. Also, certain firms use the adoption of SDGs as an ancillary corporate social responsibility initiative and not as a central business strategy element, which reduces the general impact and effectiveness of these initiatives. To address such issues, firms must create transparent policies, quantifiable objectives, and holistic frameworks that relate sustainability with business development in a productive way. Effective SDG implementation is usually dependent on the application of new technologies, cross-industry collaborations, and strong data-driven performance measurement systems. Strong leadership and dedicated stakeholder buy-in are also key to integrating sustainability principles into supply chains and business models. The purpose of this paper is to investigate best practice in SDG adoption, clarify the obstacles to effective implementation, and provide practical recommendations to organizations looking to optimize their sustainability initiative. Based on multinational company survey data, this research will evaluate the level of SDG integration, analyze its effect on business performance, and offer working recommendations to businesses to utilize SDG-based strategies to achieve long-term profitability, desirable social outcomes, and business resilience in a growingly sustainability-focused world economy

This study examined the influence of local food experiences on visitor satisfaction in Varanasi. It explored key factors such as taste, authenticity, hygiene, and food presentation, assessing their impact on tourists’ overall perception of the destination. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 396 visitors, including both domestic and international tourists. Statistical analysis, including linear regression, was applied to determine the relationship between culinary experiences and satisfaction levels. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation, indicating that enhanced food experiences led to greater visitor satisfaction. The study rejected the null hypothesis, confirming the substantial role of local cuisine in shaping tourism experiences. Demographic analysis provided insights into visitor profiles, highlighting the diverse appeal of Varanasi’s culinary heritage. The study underscored the importance of improving food quality, hygiene, and authenticity to strengthen Varanasi’s position as a culinary tourism hub. Practical implications were discussed for local vendors, restaurants, and policymakers to enhance the gastronomic appeal of the city. The research emphasized the need for sustainable culinary tourism strategies to enrich visitor engagement and ensure long-term tourism growth in Varanasi.

AI is the one contributing factor that has turned everything topsy-turvy for property or portfolio management for emerging markets like India. Portfolio rebalancing has been done using AI for enhanced returns on investment, as well as risk mitigation, thus identifying the core financial management objective among others for dynamic portfolio rebalancing in the volatile market setting of India. AI-enabled advanced machine learning models, predictive analytics, and real-time data processing can thus lead to effective and timely portfolio adjustment by accurately identifying market shifts and risk factors. The paper identifies sectoral trends, regulatory considerations, and unique challenges towards the application of AI in the Indian context. AI-enabled portfolio rebalancing strategies that have been presented provide significantly enhanced risk-adjusted returns vis-a-vis more traditional approaches, thereby boosting investor confidence and trust. This chapter will provide useful insights for both institutional and individual investors about the all-important role of AI toward building resilient, secure and efficient investment strategies in a rapidly changing financial infrastructure.

People led by women play an essential role in driving economic growth along with social advancement. Government initiatives together with Self-Help Groups (SHGs) lead the development of women-operated businesses throughout Odisha. Women entrepreneurs find better financial access, learn new skills and establish market connections due to government policies Mission Shakti and National Rural Livelihood Mission. Through their activities, SHGs have boosted microfinance along with structuring collective business practices and promoting social empowerment. Women entrepreneurs face ongoing barriers from restricted market opportunities alongside technological disadvantages and standing cultural obstacles. This study examines both state and self-help group initiatives toward women entrepreneur development in Odisha to assess their current performance while providing recommendations to strengthen economic resilience along with gender equity.

This study examines the effective application of communication strategies by women farmers in rural areas of Odisha, India. This research seeks to discover the most effective communication channels and tactics rural women farmers utilise to enhance agricultural productivity and socio-economic development by recognising the vital function of communication in this context. Data was acquired from a varied group of rural women farmers in Odisha using a mixed-methods approach that included surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions conducted across multiple districts. The results indicate a predilection for conventional modes of communication, such as community meetings, capacity-building, training and television programs, while simultaneously emphasising an increasing fascination for digital channels, such as mobile devices and social networking sites. The study highlights the significance of customising communication strategies to suit rural women farmers' specific requirements and circumstances. It suggests that combining traditional and modern methods, known as a hybrid model, may yield the best results. The research provides significant insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and agricultural extension agencies seeking to enhance the communication and assistance provided to rural women farmers in Odisha.

Purpose: The study aims to analyse the impact of Integrated Reporting (IR) practices on firm performances (Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), and firm valuation (Tobin’s Q) of Indian companies.

Methodology: The study has used secondary data gathered from annual reports and financial statements of the select Indian companies which have voluntarily adopted IR. The period of the study extends from 2018–2022. Further, panel data regression analysis has been used to analyse the relationships among the variables under the study and examining the impact.

Findings: The results reveal a statistically significant influence of IR practices (measured through IR Index) on the firm performances and firm valuation.

Originality: The study enriches the literature on IR by providing empirical evidence on its impact on firm performance and valuation in Indian context. It analyses the effect of IR adoption on performance and valuation of firms, thereby identifying scope of IR practices in growth and survival of companies.

Implication: The outcome of the study can be utilised by the firms for further investigating the IR Practices adopted by them and by the government and other policy makers in formulating policies related to IR and its implementation in India

Purpose: This paper aims to establish the impact of Growth on Sustainability in the world's Top five Economies according to Gross Domestic Product and validate a two-way causality between growth and sustainability parameters.

Methodology: The methodology involves Linear Regression, the ordinary least square method. Vector Auto regression model (VAR) followed by Granger causality Wald test (GC) to evaluate the causality between GDP and Sustainability parameters.

Findings: The primary findings portray the impact of growth on the environment and equality is both positive and negative which is country-specific. When estimating lagged relationships with VAR, growth has an impact on equality and environment, and equality and environment have an effect on growth hence there exists a two-way causality.

Practical Implications: Sustainability is an integral part of the development of countries and it should be more independent in a country and eventually be self-driven. Findings provide a comprehensive image of how growth has impacted sustainability parameters like equality and environment in developed and developing countries that are among the top in the world. The optimum lag length of 3 years found in vector autoregression also suggests the visible impact of growth on sustainability parameters.

Originality: Unlike prior research on growth and development, the present work included the added dimension of well-being through sustainability, equality, and the environment of countries demonstrating massive growth in the world. It is contributing to the much debated and important issue of development of countries along with growth.

This study explores the strategies adopted by necessity entrepreneurs in the start-up phase to resolve critical incidents and sustain their ventures. The research is based on a survey conducted with a sample size of 120 necessity entrepreneurs in the Delhi NCR region. The primary data collection tool consists of a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire along with multiple-choice questions aimed at capturing the entrepreneurs' decision-making processes during critical incidents. The study tests four hypotheses regarding the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior (effectuation vs. causation), incident resolution strategies, and business performance. Statistical tools used for data analysis include descriptive analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis. The results reveal that necessity entrepreneurs predominantly follow effectual behavior, leveraging available resources and adapting to changes in the environment. They rely heavily on personal networks and improvisation when facing challenges, rather than following a rigid, goal-oriented approach. The study also finds that causal behavior (goal-setting and planning) is less common but more prevalent in businesses that receive external funding or have prior entrepreneurial experience. Hypothesis testing shows that the entrepreneurs’ decision-making style significantly influences how they address critical incidents and manage their businesses. The findings suggest that policy-makers and support organizations should focus on enhancing resilience and flexibility in entrepreneurs' skill sets, especially those starting businesses out of necessity. The research contributes to understanding how necessity entrepreneurs in India adapt to challenges in the early stages of their ventures.

A number of reviews have been done on Green Finance and Green Bonds articles at the national and international levels. Tripathi (2016) argued about the established standards and regulations that are not yet strictly followed. The financial scenario is also stated to be more transparent and to control green environment activities if it is followed. This article discusses the gaps in the fundraising process of Green Bonds through LCR project. This concept is not particularly new, but it is a designated and specific market that has existed since 2007 and is labelled as "green."

These green world activities have been broadly defined by Lyon and Maxwell, who also suggested that they have a beneficial environmental impact that will lessen the negative effects of sustainable development. Furthermore, Arragon-Correra (2019) emphasized the advantages and described it in a more positive way that the business can actually make when Green Bond Principles are applied. Additionally, it is asserted that, unlike other nations, the Indian green bond market helps to build investor confidence. Lack of awareness is the only obstacle to the success of the Green Bonds issue.Pietri Master Thesis(2021) proved that the interest towards investment, which helps in climate change and financial returns, is being chosen by the investors if the wide sector of the global economy is looked into.  Therefore, in order to underline the value of involvement in defending the nation, the government must prepare seminars and campaigns for SMEs' management staff as well as retail and institutional investors. Standardizing the issuance of these Green Bonds will surely take some time, and the governing bodies are now trying to make the new requirements better

This article examines the effect of emotional intelligence on the effectiveness of leadership and organizational behavior. Nowadays, emotional intelligence is regarded as an essential ingredient in effective leadership, as it is a noncognitive capability that encompasses self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. The following quantitative research design used a structured survey of sixty respondents to see how EI influences leadership competencies and organizational outcomes. The analysis used independent t-tests and Pearson correlation to identify the relationship between EI with several factors within both leadership and organizational contexts. Results indicated that high EI significantly enhances self-awareness, relationship management, and job satisfaction, but is ambiguous in the case of self-management, social awareness, and employee engagement. Results underline the importance of EI for the creation of positive work climates, which can further lead to better employee outcomes, and indicate that emotional intelligence needs to be emphasized in leadership development programs within organizations.

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Post-mortem livor mortis represents the blood accumulation in body areas underneath gravity which aids forensic examiners to determine both the period and conditions surrounding death. The latest machine learning developments created alternative methods for automated forensic recognition and classification of livor mortis patterns. A survey employs machine learning algorithms to recognize patterns in livor mortis data along with classification techniques along with performance data collection through datasets. This study examines three types of feature extraction methods which include texture analysis, color histograms and shape descriptors. Moreover, it evaluates three machine learning algorithms namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Random Forests (RF). The study investigates the significance of deep learning models should be utilized for better livor mortis pattern recognition accuracy. The survey identifies dataset limits as well as algorithm interpretability and feature variation as future research areas along with their proposed directions. The review delivers complete foundations for using machine learning methods in forensic tasks including support for both secure and rapid death investigation procedures.

Evaluating student satisfaction in online degree programs is crucial for improving the quality of education. This study applies a linear regression model to identify key factors influencing student satisfaction. This research investigates student satisfaction in online degree programs through the application of a linear regression model. The study aims to identify the critical factors influencing student satisfaction, using a comprehensive dataset that includes demographic, social, and school-related information, such as student grades. Python is utilized for implementing the linear regression model, taking advantage of its robust data analysis and machine learning capabilities. The model's performance, assessed through MSE (0.035) and R-squared values (0.82), indicating high accuracy in predicting student satisfaction. Significant predictors identified include course quality, instructor support, and technical resources, all showing strong positive correlations with student satisfaction. The regression coefficients offer insights into the impact of these predictors on student satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of focusing on course quality and technical support to enhance student satisfaction in online degree programs. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing course quality and technical support to improve student satisfaction in online degree programs. Educational institutions trying to maximize their online learning environments might benefit from the practical insights provided by this study. This research provides useful information for educational institutions trying to maximize their online learning environments and shows how data-driven tactics can be used to dramatically increase the efficacy and quality of online learning.

The development of a new integrated method of DCF technique the Net Precast Index Rate (NPIR) for project life cycle costing based effective investment decision “An efficient application for the PI with the innovated new IPPPA tools. The new formulae of IPPPA are instrumental for the innovative design of integrated sensitivity, scenario, break-even, and certainty equivalent cash flow techniques of investment analysis as the unique technique that ensures to overcome their limitations mutually and combines their advantages with the use of the modified version of the Profitability index as net present index rate (NPIR). It is able to provide a more effective application of the profitability index which is free from the limitations of NPV and assumptions of IRR. The most advantage of this method is that it provides the scope of using the ideal/standard/targeted level of performance as the basis for the entire lifecycle of the project in the analysis on one hand and the effects of the changes in operating variables on ROS as the extent of effect and the returns on investment in terms of indexed rate of return at present value on the other. The Profitability Index (PI) provides parity in weightage for the risk and returns with no ambiguity or assumptions. The NPIR or NPIIR are similar in characteristics of PI except the adoption of one assumption that the “accounts finalization is deemed to be done at the end of n^th year, for NPIIR”. These are enabled to apply the prediction/forecasted extent of deviations/change is the uniqueness of NPIR or NPIIR. The NPIR and NPIIR curves represent respectively the marginal and average index rate at present value of economic analysis to identify the peak rate of returns and overall maximum rate of index returns at present value. It forms as the standard base for continuous evaluation and feed back in progression all through life of the project with provision for f impact analysis in financial perspectives point by point in the course of implementing the performance improvement strategies like BSC, back flush Costing, Target costing etc.     

This study investigates the challenges and optimization strategies for humanitarian supply chains with a focus on sustainability issues. The primary aim is to enhance resource allocation, reduce logistics costs, and improve aid delivery effectiveness through quantitative analysis and mathematical modeling. Utilizing time series data, the research employs statistical methods to examine supply stock levels, logistics costs, and aid delivery success rates. Key findings reveal significant trends in resource management and cost efficiency, highlighting the potential of optimization techniques to improve operational performance. The study demonstrates that integrating sustainability into supply chain management frameworks leads to better resource utilization and reduced waste. The results underscore the importance of adopting a holistic approach to address the multifaceted challenges in humanitarian logistics. The study concludes that mathematical models and sustainability frameworks can transform humanitarian supply chain practices, offering actionable insights for enhancing the overall impact of aid delivery.

Purpose – This study explores rural women’s entrepreneurial journey, highlighting their role in financial empowerment and community development. It examines challenges, triumphs and innovative practices, informing future research, business models, and policy interventions

Design / Methodology / Approach - The study utilizes a multi-method approach, including qualitative analysis and case studies, to deeply investigate the stories of rural women entrepreneurs. A bibliometric analysis is also employed to understand the research landscape related to rural women’s entrepreneurship and sustainable livelihoods.

Findings - The findings reveal the often-overlooked stories of resilient rural women who blend creativity with tradition to drive entrepreneurial success. For instance, one case study illustrates how a rural woman leveraged traditional crafting skills to build a thriving business, overcoming financial and logistical challenges. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policy interventions, better access to capital, and further research on integrating technology with rural entrepreneurship to support sustainable community development.

Originality / Value – This paper uniquely examines the intersection of tradition and modernity in rural women’s entrepreneurship, with a focus on how technology and collaboration can enhance these efforts. The research not only uncovers the stories of rural women but also advocates for their recognition and empowerment, suggesting that these insights could shape future research, policy and practice in rural entrepreneurship. 

The primary aim of this study is to look at the incorporation of value education into the bespeaking of responsible tourists and ethical travel practices. Research has been topical due to a glaring inadequacy in informing how effective education interventions would be in nurturing sustainable tourism behaviours. The study uses mixed methods: qualitative data are extracted from traveller experiences whereas quantitative data relate to tourism practices and attitudes and show that structured value education enhances awareness and commitment to ethical travel decision-making amongst travellers. Findings indicate that in comparison to their counterparts without exposure to value education, those with such exposure to value education would tend to be more inclined to engage in sustainable practices such as supporting local economies and minimizing environmental impacts. Such results have ramifications beyond tourism, such as similar kinds of education can be important in promoting responsible behaviours in all aspects of health care, where ethical decisions impact populations' well-being. Concern over the role of education in cultivating responsible engagement is thus in the evidence that value education integrated into travel programs has the potential to reshape consumer behaviour and, indeed, lead to a more sustainable and ethical tourism industry. These conclusions show that policy changes should be made in tourism management and educational curricula, thus creating an informed and responsible traveller that will take sustainability into account, which will most likely result in more ethical practices across all fields, including health care, where informed decisions play an important role in creating a better society.

The mutual fund sector in India has expanded as a result of consumer awareness and product accessibility. Nonetheless, there is a propensity for psychological considerations, such as herd mentality, loss aversion, and overconfidence, to influence an investor's decision, which can affect capital growth. This study examines how behavioural bias affects investors' choices of mutual funds, paying particular attention to the Indian market. Finding these biases and the relationships between these various factors and the demographic and psychographic traits of investors is the aim of this study. 483 urban retail investors from Punjab who have been investing in mutual funds for more than a year were the subject of a thorough research for the study. The study used descriptive research design and made use of statistical tools like t-tests, ANOVA and Chi-Square tests with the help of SPSS to determine the correlation between the demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education level, income, occupation and residential area) and behavioural biases. The data was collected through questionnaires administered through a WhatsApp group and email with an aim of getting a wide and random sample size. The results suggest that the demographic characteristics make a difference in the behavioural bias of investors.

Product category and usage occasion are two factors of consumer behavioral patterns which directly affect purchasing decisions. The multifaceted research question of this paper is twofold: exploring the ways in which significant product categories are related and examining the relationships between different products depending on their occasions. The study uses survey data of consumers (N=500) and transactional data, descriptive statistics (χ2 test, ANOVA, and CFA) and SEM with SPSS and AMOS. The result confirms the relationship between product categories to occasions (χ² = 18.45, p < 0.001) where, on the one hand, luxury products are required during formal occasions and on the other, FMCG products are consumed uniformly across various factual uses. There is an F value of 4.62 in ANOVA tests which signifies that there are changes in preferences of consumers, and the result of p < 0.01 supports the calculations. In the context of the SEM results, income level with a ( β = 0.72, p < 0.001) and social influence with β = 0.58, (p = 0.004) were identified as the significant factors influencing the choice of product. This research further establishes the impact of using occasion on the marketing techniques and gives credit to a model that speaks of idea of product allocation. 

Arbitration has gained prominence as a preferred mechanism for dispute resolution, particularly in commercial and investment matters, due to its efficiency, flexibility, and enforceability. However, a persistent legal dilemma exists between the principle of confidentiality—a cornerstone of arbitration—and the demand for transparency, particularly in cases with implications of public interest. This paper critically examines the confidentiality-transparency paradox in arbitration, analyzing its implications from a legal researcher's perspective. Confidentiality in arbitration is often considered a defining feature that protects sensitive commercial information, preserves party autonomy, and encourages open negotiations. National legislations such as the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (India), the English Arbitration Act, 1996, and international frameworks like the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration emphasize party discretion in maintaining confidentiality. However, this secrecy raises concerns, especially in investment arbitration and disputes involving state entities, where transparency is essential for public accountability, judicial consistency, and fairness. The growing call for transparency is evident in instruments like the UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (2014) and the ICSID Rules, which introduce mandatory disclosure norms. The paper explores judicial precedents and policy shifts that seek to balance these conflicting interests, assessing whether confidentiality should remain absolute or be subject to exceptions in matters of public interest, regulatory compliance, and enforcement proceedings. Further, it evaluates how emerging trends such as institutional arbitration rules (e.g., ICC, SIAC, LCIA) and technology-driven arbitration platforms are shaping this debate. By conducting a comparative analysis of global arbitration practices and legal frameworks, this research aims to propose a balanced approach that upholds the benefits of confidentiality while ensuring procedural fairness and legitimacy in arbitration proceedings. The study concludes with policy recommendations to harmonize these competing interests in arbitration law. 

Generation Z, the generation of people born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, also known as Zoomers, iGeneration, or digital natives is a pivotal group for researchers as they are likely to shape future trends and course of action. The group is often  characterized by a short attention span, lack of patience and confused mind. They have been exposed to the internet, a plethora of choices and multiple means to gratify their desires, right from their birth. These factors have influenced their thought process and personality considerably. The concept of library which is traditionally associated with tranquility, in-depth knowledge and slow pace, does not match with their fast-paced way of life. There is a need to explore and understand the positioning of libraries in the minds of generation Z and their expectations of it

Influencing others at workplaces is an inexorable process. Managers accomplish organizational goals by influencing others. Towards this end, a range of influence tactics are exercised by managers. Managers are varied with others by having different numbers of subordinates and different tenure at work place. The prime objectives of the study were to develop a scale to measure behavioural influence tactics and to examine the impact of size of team and managerial experience on dimensions of influence tactics.To develop the scale SPSS and Smart PLS Software was utilized to run the multivariate regression and MANOVA analysis. The study explored 12 important dimensions of influence tactics.  Path coefficient and Multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship between the number of subordinates and organizational tenure with the choice of influence tactics.

In recent years, consumers have become aware of the harmful effects of chemicals in food. People are willing to consume food that is not harmful to their health and find organic foods to be a good alternative. Besides being good for health, organic food is good for the environment as well. Therefore, organic food has economic and social benefits. The intention of consumer to purchase organic foods has been an interesting study area and number of researchers has conducted numerous studies in understanding what influences people to purchase organic food products. However, results of these study were contradictory. Hence, this research study was conducted to overcome this research gap. The current study analyses the purchase intentions of consumers about the consumption of organic food using the TRA paradigm with a particular focus on consumer attitude and subjective norms. This research has adapted descriptive research in the form of cross-sectional design. The sample of the study comprised 150 consumers. The standardised questionnaire was distributed by means of convenience sampling to individual consumers who intend to buy organic food. Data is analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results of research study showed that consumer attitude and subjective norms towards organic food purchase was positively predicting the consumer purchase intention. Finally, this study concludes with important implications for manufacturers and government. 

This paper aims at comparing the proper redemption of points across various categories of products and occasions of purchase online. The target of the study is to examine how different categories of products (electronics, clothes, groceries, etc.) and event-type (times of celebration, holiday etc.) may affect the redemption of products. Questionnaire survey data were collected from 500 participants, and analysis of the collected data was by the use of descriptive statistics, EFA, ANOVA, multiple regression, and SEM. That results depict electronics (30%) and cloths (25%) as the most reclaimed products, and these they differ significantly with special occasion and festive seasons. The ANOVA test conducted showed that there was difference in the level of redemption behavior by category, with electronics recorded the highest mean redemption percentage of 30%. SEM analysis results indicated that occasions had significant influence on the reward programs toward attitudes and types of products than the type of occasions from reward programs. From these results it could be deduced that marketing can improve the reward schemes by directing them towards particular products which would be appropriately used at certain occasions.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in legal research is reshaping the traditional role of lawyers, transforming how legal professionals analyze case law, draft documents, and predict legal outcomes. AI-driven tools such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning algorithms, and predictive analytics are revolutionizing legal research by increasing efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. This paper critically examines the impact of AI on legal research, exploring how it enhances legal practice while also posing ethical, professional, and regulatory challenges. From a legal perspective, AI-powered platforms like Westlaw Edge, LexisNexis, and ROSS Intelligence enable faster retrieval of precedents, automated contract analysis, and real-time legal updates. The paper evaluates the extent to which AI reduces research time and improves accuracy, thereby enhancing legal decision-making and case strategy formulation. However, concerns arise regarding data bias, algorithmic transparency, and the diminishing role of human judgment in legal reasoning. The study also discusses regulatory responses, including AI ethics guidelines, data protection laws, and judicial considerations in adopting AI for legal research. Furthermore, the paper explores the changing skill set required for lawyers in the AI era, emphasizing the need for proficiency in legal tech, AI governance, and digital literacy. It examines whether AI will complement or replace traditional legal roles, assessing the potential for job displacement versus enhanced legal service delivery. Through a comparative analysis of AI adoption in various jurisdictions, the study proposes policy recommendations to ensure responsible AI integration while maintaining the integrity of the legal profession. The research concludes that while AI is transforming legal research and practice, a balanced approach that combines AI efficiency with human expertise is essential to uphold ethical standards, fairness, and accountability in legal decision-making. 

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to revolutionize industries and societies, the need for a robust legal framework to regulate its development and deployment has become imperative. AI poses unique challenges concerning data privacy, accountability, bias, intellectual property, and ethical considerations, necessitating comprehensive and adaptive legal mechanisms. This research paper examines the global legal frameworks for AI regulation, conducting a comparative analysis of regulatory approaches adopted by different jurisdictions, including the European Union, the United States, China, and India. The paper critically analyzes the European Union’s AI Act, one of the most structured regulatory frameworks, which categorizes AI applications based on risk and imposes strict compliance measures. In contrast, the United States follows a sectoral and self-regulatory approach, relying on existing laws such as the Algorithmic Accountability Act and guidelines from agencies like the FTC and NIST. China’s approach is state-driven and security-focused, with strict government oversight through laws like the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) and AI-specific regulations. India, while still developing a formal AI regulation, relies on existing data protection laws and sectoral guidelines, with the Digital India Act and AI advisory frameworks playing a pivotal role. The study identifies key trends, including risk-based regulation, ethical AI guidelines, liability frameworks, and cross-border governance challenges. It also explores the role of international cooperation in harmonizing AI laws, ensuring responsible AI deployment while fostering innovation. The paper concludes with recommendations for a balanced regulatory approach, advocating for a harmonized global framework that ensures AI safety, accountability, and ethical compliance without stifling technological progress.

Access to justice is a fundamental principle of the rule of law, ensuring that individuals can effectively resolve disputes and enforce their legal rights. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, including mediation, arbitration, and conciliation, have emerged as vital tools in promoting access to justice by providing efficient, cost-effective, and time-saving methods for dispute resolution. This paper critically examines the role of ADR in enhancing access to justice, particularly in jurisdictions where traditional litigation remains costly, complex, and time-consuming. From a legal perspective, the study explores how ADR mechanisms align with constitutional mandates, statutory frameworks, and judicial precedents that emphasize expeditious and fair dispute resolution. Special focus is given to legislative instruments such as the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (India), the Mediation Act, 2023, and international conventions like the UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration, which provide a robust legal foundation for ADR practices. The paper further evaluates judicial interpretations and policy measures that underscore ADR’s role in reducing court backlog and fostering consensual dispute resolution. Additionally, the research highlights the comparative effectiveness of ADR in promoting justice for marginalized and economically weaker sections, analyzing how pre-litigation mediation and institutionalized ADR mechanisms bridge the gap between legal rights and their practical enforcement. The paper concludes by proposing legal and policy reforms to strengthen ADR frameworks, ensuring a more inclusive and accessible justice system.

Whistleblower protection laws play a crucial role in ensuring corporate accountability by safeguarding individuals who expose unethical, illegal, or fraudulent activities within organizations. In the wake of high-profile corporate scandals such as Enron, WorldCom, and the Satyam case, governments worldwide have recognized the need for robust legal frameworks to protect whistleblowers from retaliation and to encourage transparency. This paper critically examines whistleblower protection laws from a corporate accountability perspective, analyzing their effectiveness in preventing corporate misconduct and fostering ethical governance. From a legal standpoint, the study explores key legislations, including the Whistleblower Protection Act (U.S.), the Public Interest Disclosure Act (UK), and the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014 (India), to assess the extent to which they shield whistleblowers and promote corporate integrity. Additionally, international instruments such as the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) are examined to highlight global best practices in whistleblower protection.

Despite these legal safeguards, challenges persist in the form of retaliation, legal loopholes, lack of anonymity, and ineffective enforcement mechanisms, which often deter potential whistleblowers from coming forward. The paper evaluates judicial precedents, regulatory enforcement trends, and corporate policies that either strengthen or weaken whistleblower protections. Further, it explores the role of internal compliance mechanisms, corporate ethics programs, and regulatory oversight in ensuring accountability while balancing corporate confidentiality concerns. Through comparative legal analysis, the research proposes policy recommendations for strengthening whistleblower protection laws, ensuring better enforcement, and fostering a culture of corporate transparency. The study concludes that while whistleblower laws have made significant strides in enhancing corporate accountability, greater legal reforms and institutional safeguards are necessary to ensure comprehensive protection for whistleblowers and uphold corporate integrity.

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E-commerce is a popular buzzword in the modern era. The development and widespread use of e-commerce technologies and websites have transformed business models. However, one problem in E-commerce is conversions. Around 77.3% of shoppers leave their carts empty before making a purchase. This is due to the inability to see and test out the products physically. In this situation, customers can benefit from augmented reality (AR) solutions that simulate the experience of physical interaction and give them a sense of how a product looks and feels. This study aims to determine whether the customer's perceived ease of use, immersive experience, hedonic motivation, and innovativeness can influence their patronage intention toward augmented brand fashion. It also unveils the perspective of rural customers (Generation Z) towards the various features of MAR apps for fashion brands.

The sample size for the study was 673. The participants are primarily from the Bengaluru Rural District. All items of the constructed scale were measured using a five-point Likert scale. The statistical tool SmartPLS was used to develop structural equation modeling. It was found that the Perceived Ease of Use, Immersive experience, hedonic motivation, and innovativeness of the customer have a positive and significant influence on Patronage intention towards the augmented fashion brand. Our study offers helpful guidelines for fashion-related brands for creating consumer-driven augmented reality applications that meet the interests and preferences of young consumers.

This study investigates the effect of e-service quality dimensions on the repurchase intentions of e-commerce customers in India. Data were collected via an online survey, resulting in 350 usable responses, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results reveal that website design, customer service, and security have a significant impact on customers repurchase intentions, collectively explaining 44.3% of the variance in repurchase behavior. These findings highlight the important role of well-designed websites, reliable customer support, and secure transactions in retaining online shoppers. This study provides valuable insights for e-commerce managers seeking to improve customer loyalty and provides a foundation for future academic research in the areas of e-service quality and consumer behavior.

As a part of CSR activity, Adani Foundation launched the Drip irrigation project in Mundra (Phase I&II). This study maps the stakeholder engagement process emphasized by Adani Foundation to bring holistic development of small and marginal farmers and adopt Drip technology as a sustainable practice in Mundra. Adani Foundation developed a broad coalition of key stakeholders such as farmer communities, government representatives, development agents, NGO staff and progressive farmers to initiate developmental agenda through various activities like seminars, exposure visits, consultations and media interactions. The study adopts Callon’s framework to identify and monitor activities at the grassroot level and provide effective solution. Field study was conducted in 38 villages (phase I&II) of Kutch district where the Adani Foundation carried out the CSR activity. In-depth interviews with the beneficiaries and key stakeholders were conducted and analyzed to draw perspectives. The findings of the study highlight the impact achieved in terms of increase in knowledge and awareness of drip irrigation among farmers, improved fertility of soil, visible prosperity of small and marginal farmers, and promoting alternative livelihood activities.

As the world faces escalating environmental challenges, the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emerges as a promising frontier. This paper delves into the symbiotic relationship between AI technologies and the pursuit of global sustainability. It begins by outlining the urgent need for sustainable development in the face of environmental crises and socio-economic disparities. It then highlights the transformative potential of AI as a tool to address these challenges efficiently and effectively. The paper explores various applications of AI in achieving specific SDGs, such as climate action, clean energy, biodiversity conservation, and poverty eradication.

Key themes include the role of AI in optimizing resource management, predicting and mitigating environmental risks, and enhancing decision-making processes for sustainable policy formulation. Additionally, the abstract emphasizes the importance of ethical AI practices, exclusivity, and global collaboration to ensure that AI contributes positively to sustainable development.

By presenting case studies and examples of successful AI interventions, the paper aims to inspire policymakers, researchers, and technology developers to collaborate towards a greener future. Ultimately, the research underscores the potential for AI to accelerate progress towards achieving the SDGs, offering novel solutions to the complex challenges of our time.

Gender non-conforming (GNC) employees face unique challenges, including bias, lack of representation, and inadequate workplace policies. As workplaces strive to foster diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), it is imperative to design policies and interventions based on industry best practices so that perpetuation of harmful biases against marginalised groups such as GNC individuals is curbed. This study examines current trends in application of artificial intelligence (AI) in DEI – AI’s role in eliminating bias, challenges, and opportunities in creating inclusive environments for GNC individuals in organisations. A literature review of scholarly articles, industry reports and grey literature was done to examine how organisations can eliminate bias in their talent management processes by harnessing the power of AI. The study finds that despite its potential, use of AI technology in DEI initiatives faces serious challenges due to bias in AI algorithms, flawed training datasets, and lack of gender diversity in AI developer teams. Although AI can enhance gender DEI, it can also perpetuate systemic inequities. This makes adoption of AI tools for DEI in organisations potentially more harmful to the prospects of inclusion of GNC individuals. Addressing these challenges is essential for ensuring that technological advancements in AI truly benefit all and remain aligned with the inclusionary goals of gender DEI. AI offers transformative potential and can play a pivotal role in shaping the future of DEI. AI's future in gender equity depends on collaboration among policymakers, technologists, industry and civil society to ensure inclusive and sustainable progress. However, its implementation must be carefully managed to avoid exacerbating inequalities. Stakeholders must prioritize equity and ethics in AI development to harness its full potential for achieving gender equality, which in turn will also ensure equity and inclusion for GNC employees at the workplace

The study primarily focuses on applying a perception and satisfaction model on MBA students with an intension of providing valuable insights into the students’ experiences and helps the institution to improve the quality of education. Measuring MBA student satisfaction is crucial for several reasons, and it serves as a valuable tool for educational institutions and program administrators. Application of perception and satisfaction model in this way will certainly help MBA programs providers meet the evolving needs and expectations of students, enhance the learning experience, and ultimately improve their reputation and competitiveness in the education market in India in particular Karnataka State. The study in conducted to know the various factors that influence perception and subsequent influence on level of satisfaction. The primary objectives of the article are to the measure the perception of the MBA students and the level satisfaction, to demonstrate a conceptual model of perception and satisfaction, and provide constructive suggestion to the institution to foster their growth. The study has followed exploratory in nature, a total of 254 sample sizes selected across the state. SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses.

The rapid proliferation of smart fitness wearables has revolutionized personal health monitoring, yet understanding the determinants of post-adoption behavioural intentions remains underexplored. This study employs the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) as a theoretical lens to investigate key post-adoption factors influencing continued usage of wrist-worn fitness devices. Using a qualitative research approach, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 34 active users categorized based on device usage duration. The study leverages GPT-4, a Large Language Model (LLM), for automated thematic extraction and behavioural analysis, to enhance classification accuracy and scalability. Findings reveal that confirmation of expectations, perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction significantly drive long-term engagement, while hedonic motivation and user interface emerge as critical extensions to the ECM framework in this domain. By integrating AI-driven qualitative analysis with theoretical models, this research offers novel insights for wearable technology developers, emphasizing the need for usability enhancements, gamification features, and personalized health tracking to improve user retention. The study also underscores the advantages of LLM-assisted qualitative research in improving classification efficiency and scalability over traditional manual methods. Future research should further refine AI-driven analytical models and explore additional variables such as privacy concerns and personalization to deepen the understanding of wearable technology adoption.

This document provides an overview of existing research on environmental marketing. Furthermore, it introduces a theoretical framework and associated hypotheses outlining how various influencing factors (specifically, personal values, knowledge and beliefs, needs and motivations, attitudes, and demographic characteristics) along with mediating elements (such as eco-labels and consumer skepticism) shape consumer decisions and intentions regarding the purchase of environmentally friendly products. 

Abstract: Consumer jurisprudence in India has evolved significantly in response to the rapid expansion of globalization, market liberalization, and the digital economy. The shift from a seller-dominated market to a consumer-centric approach has been facilitated by legal frameworks aimed at protecting consumer rights and promoting consumerism. The enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and its subsequent replacement with the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, have strengthened consumer rights by incorporating modern aspects such as e-commerce regulations, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and stricter product liability norms.

In the globalized economy, India faces challenges such as misleading advertisements, data privacy concerns, unfair trade practices, and cross-border consumer disputes. Consumer jurisprudence has played a vital role in addressing these issues through landmark judicial pronouncements and legislative reforms. The judiciary has expanded the scope of consumer rights through progressive interpretations, recognizing issues like medical negligence, banking fraud, and online consumer grievances under consumer protection laws. Additionally, regulatory bodies like the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) ensure swift action against unfair trade practices.

Despite these advancements, consumer awareness remains a significant concern, requiring proactive initiatives by the government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and businesses. Strengthening consumer jurisprudence through digital consumer education, international collaboration, and stricter enforcement mechanisms is essential for fostering ethical business practices and empowering consumers in a globalized India. This paper critically analyses the role of consumer jurisprudence in promoting consumerism and safeguarding consumer interests in an increasingly interconnected economic landscape.

Consumer data analytics has become a potent instrument in shaping personalization strategies within the food marketing sector. This study investigates the impact of data-driven personalization on consumer engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty whilst addressing associated challenges and ethical concerns. With the growth of digital platforms and analytics driven by artificial intelligence, marketers are using data to develop personalized marketing campaigns. A survey of 108 respondents evaluated their awareness, experiences, and perceptions of personalized food marketing. Findings indicate that younger consumers (18-25 years) demonstrate the highest engagement with personalized marketing, and targeted digital advertisements are the most frequently experienced form. Over 60% of respondents reported an increased likelihood of purchasing after receiving personalized recommendations; however, concerns regarding excessive marketing and data privacy persist. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong correlation between personalization strategies and consumer engagement. The study emphasizes the necessity for brands to enhance data transparency, refine targeting accuracy, and guarantee adherence to privacy laws to establish long-term consumer trust whilst optimizing marketing effectiveness.

Consumer behaviour in the gadget industry is profoundly impacted by impulse buying, a consequence of an uncontrollable urge to purchase something influenced by external factors. The perception of gadgets being luxuries has shifted to being considered an essential commodity in human life. This research aims to explore the nuances of impulsive buying within the Indian gadget market influenced by aggressive marketing strategies. By applying the Elaboration-Likelihood Model (ELM) to understand how peripheral processing impacts customer decision-making, this study seeks to reveal the determinant of impulsive buying of gadgets. A qualitative design is used that includes semi-structured interviews with recent impulsive gadget buyers in India. The findings show that driving factors for impulse purchases are emotional responses, social influences, promotional tactics, and product characteristics. Such ideas are paramount for marketers and retailers wanting higher sales through capitalising on spontaneous customer behaviour. Moreover, it suggests that marketers must know how to best employ psychological triggers, social proof, and various other promotional cues. Businesses that closely align their marketing strategies with consumer preferences are more likely to increase customer satisfaction levels and, consequently, boost sales. This research contributes to the literature by addressing the gap in understanding impulse buying in the Indian gadget market and provides actionable recommendations for leveraging impulsive buying behaviour to boost market performance

This research looks at how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are being used in credit rating assessments, particularly noting a move from strictly financial metrics—like profitability, leverage, and liquidity—to a broader inclusion of non-financial aspects. However, considering the current and emerging issues related to sustainability and ethical corporate governance, ESG factors are now regarded as important components of business risk and resilience. This study uses a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach based on the TOPSIS model, along with entropy weighting, to measure how ESG factors influence credit ratings for companies within the Dow Jones Industrial Average. A set of 14 indicators, covering both financial and ESG elements, is used to generate relative rankings, which are then compared with actual credit ratings. This study also examines the ESG practices of major companies, assessing how their environmental, social, and governance initiatives influence credit risk and align with sustainable industry standards.

The prevalence of pharmaceutical OTC product advertising has become a subject of concern due to its potential influence on consumer buying behavior and its implications for public health. This abstract explores the impact of pharmaceutical OTC advertising on customer buyer behavior. The study incorporates a comprehensive literature review, encompassing academic research, industry reports, and government publications, to provide an in-depth topic analysis. By examining the various dimensions of OTC advertising, including its reach, content, and persuasive techniques, this research aims to evaluate its effectiveness in shaping consumer attitudes, preferences, and purchase intentions. The findings reveal that OTC advertising substantially influences customer buying behavior. Persuasive strategies employed in these advertisements, such as appealing visuals, celebrity endorsements, and engaging narratives, contribute to forming positive associations and emotional connections with OTC products.

Furthermore, various factors mediate the impact of OTC advertising on customer buying behavior. Socioeconomic status, cultural background, individual susceptibility, and peer influence are key determinants that modulate the relationship between exposure to OTC advertisements and subsequent purchase decisions. The implications of OTC advertising on consumer behavior are paramount for public health interventions and policy development. Recognizing the potential negative consequences, regulators and stakeholders have implemented measures to restrict or regulate marketing and advertising practices. The effectiveness and impact of these interventions require further investigation and evaluation.

The abstract underscores the need for continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration to address the challenges associated with OTC advertising by gaining insights into the dynamics between advertising, consumer behavior, and public health. Stakeholders may develop evidence-based strategies to promote healthier purchasing choices, protect vulnerable populations, and create a more supportive environment for consumer decision-making

Today the technologies helps us in various platform with various solution, this type of security mechanism improve our safety and the made our journey more easy and more comfort. In this paper We endeavor to create an advanced helmet detection system utilizing cutting- edge User only view  version three and User only view the version five models. This innovative approach aims to significantly enhance safety within workspace and traffic environments by accurately identifying helmet usage in real-time video streams. We aspire to detect instances of helmets with high precision, promoting adherence to safety regulations and mitigating potential risks. Through the implementation of this system, we seek to create a safer ecosystem for both workers and commuters alike. By providing real-time monitoring and alerts, our solution aims to not only increase awareness of safety practices but also substitute a philosophy of submission, eventually paying to a safer and more secure environment. Our objective is to enhance safety protocols in construction and traffic environments by deploying advanced deep learning techniques for real-time helmet detection. By combining the speed of  user only view model three with the accuracy of  user only view the model number five,  we aim to revolutionize safety measures, ensuring compliance and reducing risks. Our solution addresses challenges such as varying object sizes, environmental noise, and dynamic scenarios, thus prioritizing worker and public safety with cutting-edge the technology. 

Creating a distinctive brand identity, messaging, and value proposition that appeals to the target market is required. Effective brand positioning strategies create a competitive edge by differentiating dairy product brands from their competitors. When properly applied, these approaches increase consumer pleasure by paying attention to their demands, preferences, and goals. When the brand's positioning is made explicit, consumers may more easily understand the dairy brand's values and how they complement those values. The research highlights the value of cutting-edge branding techniques for fostering client happiness and competition. In the dairy sector, well-defined brand positioning strategies are a crucial tool for creating emotional ties and minimizing the detrimental consequences of price changes on consumer satisfaction. Despite the potential for competitive advantage and higher consumer willingness to pay, the gap between intended positioning and its effective communication limits the industry's ability to fully leverage brand positioning for value creation and customer satisfaction

This study explores the impact of digital experiences on consumer trust, engagement, and shopping behavior within the luxury watch sector, focusing on interactions via official social media channels. By examining the digital brand experience's role in shaping perceptions and loyalty towards luxury watch brands, this research aims to highlight how social media influences luxury brand dynamics in the digital era. Through a structured methodology employing the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach, this study investigates the relationships between digital brand experience, brand trust, brand engagement, and brand loyalty. Findings suggest that a positive digital brand experience significantly enhances consumer trust and engagement, leading to increased brand loyalty. The study underscores the importance of cohesive online and offline strategies to maintain brand exclusivity and integrity, providing insights for luxury watch brands to optimize their social media presence for improved consumer loyalty

E-commerce has revolutionized the retail landscape, making online shopping a ubiquitous aspect of modern life. The convenience, variety, and efficiency of e-commerce platforms have transformed consumer behaviour and global business operations. However, despite these advancements in technology and widespread adoption, accessibility barriers persist for many users, particularly those with disabilities. These barriers include challenges in navigation, incompatibility with assistive technologies, and inadequate compliance with accessibility standards, which collectively hinder equal access to online shopping experiences. As digital marketplaces continue to expand, the need for inclusive platforms that cater to diverse user groups has become increasingly pressing. This research investigates the state of accessible e-commerce, focusing on user-centered and inclusive design principles, human-computer interaction, and the role of assistive technology in enhancing online shopping experiences. Through a synthesis of recent studies, this paper identifies the persistent challenges faced by users with disabilities, highlights emerging solutions aimed at overcoming these obstacles, and proposes actionable recommendations for creating universally accessible online shopping platforms. By addressing these issues, e-commerce platforms can not only comply with ethical and legal standards but also tap into a broader market, fostering inclusivity and equity in the digital economy